Hanns Johst and Darré.25 Heydrich to JG, Nov 30, 1936 (ZStA Potsdam, Rep. 50.01, Diewerge papers, vol.994).26 Unpubl. diary, Jul 7, 1934.27 JG broadcast, Jul 10, publ. in Berliner Börsenzeitung and The Times, Jul 11; see JG unpubl.diary, Jul 11, 1934.28 Lochner to Bety, Jul 22 (loc. cit.); JG diary, Jul 13, 1934.29 Renzetti to Mussolini, Jul 14, 1934 (Mussolini papers, NA film T586, roll 419, 9433).30 Diary, Jul 18, 1934. Lutze deduced that Röhm had been set up by his enemies, andHitler bamboozled. See Lutze’s diary, the testimony of Wilhelm Brückner (IfZ: Irving collection),and an SS officer’s report to Himmler on Lutze’s later remarks (NA film T175, roll3, 1892ff).31 But at Bayreuth on Jul 21, a relaxed Hitler told JG more details about Röhm. ‘Terrible!I am horrified,’ noted JG in unpubl. diary, Jul 22, 1934.32 Ibid., Jul 9, 1934.33 Ibid., Jul 14, 1934.34 Ibid.—Ernst Hanfstaengl, ‘I was Hitler’s Closest Friend,’ in Cosmopolitan, Mar 1943.—Revue, No.19, May 10, 1952.35 Unpubl. diary, Jul 11, 1934.36 Ibid., Mar 17, Apr 11, 1934.—See too Der 25. Juli 1934 im Bundeskanzleramt in Wien.Forschungsergebnisse und Dokumente (Vienbna, 1965).37 Ibid., Apr 28, 1934.38 Ibid., Jul 24, 1934.39 Ibid., Jul 26: ‘Mountains out of molehills.’ He was seeing Hela Strehl quite often (ibid.,Aug 2, 8) and, in Magda’s absence, Ello Quandt (‘Long parlaver with Ello. Talks about her[crumbling] marriage’—Aug 20, 1934)GOEBBELS. MASTERMIND OF THE THIRD REICH 35940 Adam MS (IfZ file ED.109/2); on the Dollfuss murder see Helmuth Auerbach’s paper inVfZ, 1964, 201ff.41 Unpubl. diary, Jul 26, 1934.42 Ibid., Jul 28, 30, 1934. On Jul 28 Hitler told JG he had broken it off with Mussolini, andwas going to deal with Yugoslavia instead. On Jul 31 JG noted, after seeing Hitler: ‘Italy stillmean. We’ll repay her later.’ And on Aug 31: ‘Discussed Italy question with [Prince] Philippof Hesse. Mussolini’s a puzzle to me.’43 Ibid., Jul 28, 1934.44 Ibid., Jul 31, 1934.45 Cabinet, Aug 1, 1934; unpubl. diary, Aug 2; RGBl., 1934, I, 747; Lammers papers, NAfilm T580, roll 266.46 Unpubl. diary, Aug 2, 1934.47 Ibid.; rumours of a Hindenburg ‘testament’ dictated in his own favour by the wily Papenproved at first unfounded, ‘so Papen loses out’ (ibid., Jul 31, Aug 4). A few days later therumours caused Hitler and JG fresh alarm (ibid., Aug 8). The document, published on Aug15, betrayed Papen’s authorship but was innocuous (ibid., Aug 16, 1934).48 Ibid., Aug 8, 1934.49 Diary, Aug 22, 1934.50 Unpubl. diary, Aug 20, 1934.51 Berliner Morgenpost, Sep 9, 1934.52 Berliner Volkszeitung, Nov 11, 1934.53 Verbiestert. Unpubl. diary, Jul 4, 1934.54 Hamburger Tageblatt, Aug 26, 1934.55 Berliner Lokalanzeiger, Sep 17, 1934.56 Ibid.57 Ernst Hanfstaengl, report on JG for President Roosevelt, Jul 16, 1943 (FDR Libr. PSFbox 126)58 Dr Carl von Eicken’s consultation notes, Aug 1934 (NA film ML.131).59 JG to Bormann, Aug 17, 1934 (ZStA Potsdam, Rep.90, Go 1, vol.3).60 Daimler Benz to JG, Nov 7, 1934 (ibid.)61 RMVP budget files (ZStA Potsdam, Rep. 50.01, vol.1059).62 Farmers: Rheinisch-Westfälische Zeitung, Oct 1; labour service, 12 Uhr Blatt, Oct 24;youth, ibid., Nov 2, 1934.63 Deutsche Zeitung, Nov 20, 1934.64 US interrogation of Weiss, Aug 31, 1945 (NA file RG.332, Mis–Y sect., box 116).65 Note by Bitterfeld NSDAP Kreisleitung, Sep 14, 1934 (ZStA Potsdam, Rep.50.01,vol.1175).66 Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, Dec 1, 1934.67 Ibid., Dec 12, 1934. On Jul 2, 1934 (unpubl. diary, Jul 4) he gave Erich Hilgenfeldt,chief of the NSV, directions for the coming Winter Relief: ‘It’s got to be really big.’68 Borresholm, 101f.69 Figures announced by JG, Berliner Lokalanzeiger, Oct 9, 1934.70 12 Uhr Blatt, Oct 15, 1934.71 Ibid., Nov 8, 1934.360 GOEBBELS. MASTERMIND OF THE THIRD REICH72 Berliner Volkszeitung, Dec 24, 1934.73 Magda Goebbels correspondence with Martha Hillig (ZStA Potsdam, Rep.90, Go 2,Magda Goebbels, vol.2).74 Cabinet meeting, Dec 13, 1934, 4:15 P.M. (Lammers papers; NA film T580, roll 266).75 Unpubl. diary, Dec 15, 1934 (Moscow archives, Goebbels papers, box 5); in January(unpubl. diary Jan 4) he found Hitler still poorly. ‘Got to find a good doctor.’76 Ibid., Feb 4, 1935.77 Diary, Dec 25, 1934.78 Ibid., Sep 17, 21, 24, 1934.79 Behrend, loc. cit., No.18, May 3, 1952; Ebermayer and Meissner, Revue, No.23, Jun 7,1952.80 Wilhelm Fürthwängler on Hindemith’s opera ‘Mathis der Maler,’ in DAZ, Nov 25, 1934;cf. Joseph Wulf, Musik im Dritten Reich (Frankfurt, 1983), 373ff. A scene in this opera portrayingthe public burning of heretical writings was evidently the cause of the Nazis’ discontent.—As recently as Jun 25, 1934 JG had publicly praised Hindemith as one of Germany’sup and coming musical talents.81 Described in a 50pp MS by Detig for Dr Karl Silex, Feb 1970 (in Fritz Tobias archives);and see Detig’s affidavit, Jul 3, 1948 (StA Nuremberg).—JG diary, Jan 2, 1935.GOEBBELS. MASTERMIND OF THE THIRD REICH 361
Goebbels24: While Crowds Exult below.WHEN you drive through Germany today,’ Goebbels had said at the end ofNovember 1934, ‘you hear the hammering of the machinery and the singingof the sirens, you see the cargo ships once more majestically gliding down therivers and the heavy laden freight trains, and you notice how the country lanes arebeing widened and the new autobahns laid down… These are great times that wehave created.’1 Before a different audience he emphasized Germany’s ‘absolute desirefor peace’, a theme to which he returned in his New Year’s broadcast—the cominginternational plebiscite on the disputed Saar territory would allow Germany toarrive at a lasting peace with ‘the great French people.’2Hitler had faced the New Year with a collapse of self-confidence. Recalling Goebbelsback from his Black Forest vacation, he demanded he do something. Foreign newspaperwere full of lies about fresh plots against him. Hitler ordered the entire Germanleadership to hear him speak in the State opera house on the third. Together, Goebbelsand Göring—now thick as thieves again—drafted a declaration of loyalty for Göringto read out to Hitler. Goebbels felt that Hitler’s voice was still not up to the task. Butit went down well.3 At one point Hitler threatened to put a bullet in his own brainsif his subjects refused to work in harmony. 4 Goebbels was worried by all this. He feltthat Hitler was
