4 There have been thirty-eight treasurers, but one person held the office four times, one three times, and four people held the office twice.
5 Maclean, I, Why Australia Prospered, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 2013, p. 2.
1 Sir George Turner
1 Deakin writing anonymously in the UK Morning Post, see Hawkins, J, ‘George Turner: Australia’s First Treasurer’, Economic Round-up, no. 2, 2007, p. 2 and La Nauze, AJ, Alfred Deakin, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, 1965, p. 354.
2 Rickard, J, ‘The Quiet Little Man in the Brown Suit: George Turner and the Politics of Consensus’, in B Costar and P Strangio (eds), The Victorian Premiers 1856–2006, The Federation Press, Sydney, 2007, p. 109.
3 McMullin, R, The Light on the Hill, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1991, p. 136.
4 Clark, M, A History of Australia, vol. 5, The People Make Laws 1888–1915, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, 1981, p. 122.
5 The Treasury, The Centenary of the Treasury 1901–2001, Australian Government, Canberra, 2001, p. 6.
6 Hawkins, J, ‘George Turner: Australia’s First Treasurer’, p. 60.
7 ibid.
8 M Clark, p. 122.
9 Deakin, A, The Federal Story: the Inner History of the Federal Cause, 1880–1900, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, 1963, p. 68.
10 Cooper, JB, The History of St Kilda, vol. 2, Printers Pty Ltd, Melbourne, 1931, p. 290.
11 Victoria, Legislative Assembly, Debates, vol. 74, 16 August 1894, p. 1385.
12 Lack, J, ‘David Syme and the Three Stooges? The Bust Premiers: James Munro, William Shiels and JB Patterson’, in B Costar and P Strangio (eds), The Victorian Premiers 1856–2006, The Federation Press, Sydney, 2007.
13 Rickard, p. 111.
14 Lack, p. 112.
15 Victoria, Legislative Assembly, Debates, vol. 81, 28 July 1896, pp. 1129–30.
16 The Age, 29 September 1897, p. 5.
17 Rickard, p. 117.
18 ibid.
19 ibid., p. 119.
20 Reynolds, J, Edmund Barton, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1948, p. 109.
21 ibid., p. 112.
22 Deakin, p. 80.
23 La Nauze, AJ, The Hopetoun Blunder: the Appointment of the First Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia, December 1900, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, 1957, p. 13.
24 ibid., p. 16.
25 ibid., p. 7.
26 ibid., p. 11.
27 ibid., p. 12.
28 The Treasury, p. 8.
29 ibid.
30 ibid., p. 12.
31 The Argus, 20 July 1901.
32 Australia, House of Representatives, Debates, vol. 1, 8 October 1901, p. 5674.
33 Campbell-Jones, H, The Cabinet of Captains: the Romance of Australia’s First Federal Parliament, unpublished manuscript, National Library of Australia, MS 8905, Canberra, 1935, p. 107.
34 McLean, I, Why Australia Prospered: the Shifting Sources of Economic Growth, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 2013, p. 113.
35 ibid., p. 139.
36 The identification of these three measures as the most important economic decisions of the early years of the Australian Government is supported by Ian McLean in his important 2013 work Why Australia Prospered: the Shifting Sources of Economic Growth.
37 M Clark, p. 236.
38 La Nauze, AJ, Alfred Deakin, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, 1965, p. 399.
39 M Clark, p. 258.
40 ibid.
2 William Alexander Watt
1 Hawkins, J, ‘William Watt: the Great Orator’, Economic Round-up, no. 1, 2009, p. 82.
2 Anderson, J, WA Watt: a Political Biography, MA Thesis, UNSW, 1972, p. 2.
3 North Melbourne Guardian, 1 June 1894.
4 Anderson, p. 18.
5 Anderson, J, and G Serle, ‘Watt, William Alexander (1871–1946)’, Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, Canberra.
6 Dunstan, D, ‘John Murray and William Watt: the Odd Couple’, in B Costar and P Strangio, The Victorian Premiers 1856–2006, The Federation Press, Sydney, 2007, p. 143.
7 ibid., p. 144.
8 Anderson, p. 118.
9 ibid., p. 163.
10 ibid., p. 173.
11 Anderson, p. 269.
12 ibid., p. 137.
13 Anderson, p. 333.
14 ibid., p. 343.
3 Sir Earle Christmas Grafton Page
1 Moorhouse, F, ‘Preface’, in E Page, Truant Surgeon, Black Inc., Melbourne, 2001.
2 Hawkins, J, ‘Sir Earle Page: an Active Treasurer’, Economic Round-up, no. 4, 2009, p. 58.
3 Hawkins, ‘Sir Earle Page’, p. 56.
4 Beaverbrook, Lord, ‘Foreword’, in E Page, Truant Surgeon, Black Inc., Melbourne, 2001, p. 4.
5 Page, E, Truant Surgeon, p. 79.
6 ibid.
7 ibid., p. 90.
8 ibid., p. 52.
9 ibid., p. 112.
10 Cornish, S, ‘The History and Development of Central Banking in Australia 1920–70’, Working Paper no. 3, Australian National University, Canberra, June 2008, p. 6.
11 James, R R, Churchill: a Study in Failure, 1900–1939, Weidenfeld & Nicholson, London, 1970, p. 156.
12 Hawkins, ‘Sir Earle Page’, p. 61 see also Cornish, S, ‘Australian monetary policy and the return to gold 1920–1925, unpublished paper, 2008.
13 ibid., p. 61.
14 Keynes, JM, The Economic Consequences of Mr Churchill, L. & V. Woolf, London, 1925, p. 6.
15 Australia, House of Representatives, Debates, 26 July 1923, p. 1654.
16 Ellis, U, A History of the Australian Country Party, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, 1963, p. 106.
17 Whitwell, G, The Treasury Line, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1986, p. 5.
18 Page, p. 73.
19 ibid., p. 87.
20 Hawkins, ‘Sir Earle Page’, p. 59.
21 Australia, House of Representatives, Debates, 26 July 1923, p. 1650.
22 Page, p. 205.
23 ibid., p. 176.
24 Hawkins, ‘Sir Earle Page’, p. 60.
25 Page, p. 216.
26 ibid., p. 217.
27 Australia, House of Representatives, Debates, 22 August 1929, p. 240.
28 Page, p. 204.
29 ibid., p. 439.
4 Edward Granville (Ted) Theodore
1 Schedvin, CB, Australia and the Great Depression, Sydney University Press, Camperdown, 1970, p. 119.
2 Edwards, C, Bruce of Melbourne: the Man of Two Worlds, Heinemann, London, 1965, p. 59.
3 ibid., p. 445.
4 Sydney Morning Herald, 5 September 1945.
5 Beazley, K, ‘Labor’s Unluckiest Leader’, Canberra Times, 22–23 February 1966.
6 Young, I, Theodore: His Life and Times, Alpha Books, Sydney, 1971, p. xi.
7 Hawkins, J, ‘Ted Theodore: the Proto-Keynesian’, Economic Round-up, no. 1, 2010, p. 93.
8 ibid.
9 Dalley was a Federation seat based on Glebe, Leichhardt and Balmain. It was abolished in the 1969 redistribution.
10 Fitzgerald, R, Red Ted: the Life of EG Theodore, University of Queensland Press, Brisbane, 1994, p. 228.
11 Hawkins, ‘Ted Theodore’, p. 96.
12 Young, p. 103.
13 Fitzgerald, p. 232.
14 ibid., p. 236.
15 ibid., p. 239.
16 The Economist, 5 April 1930, pp. 767–8.
17 Queensland Parliament, Report of the Royal Commission
