male reporters and, 243–44, 248
stunt genre’s collapse and, 245–48, 254
Stackhouse, Eleanor. See Marks, Nora
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 23n, 175, 187
Stead, W. T., 38, 39, 159, 210
Steffens, Lincoln, 9, 256, 270
Steinem, Gloria, 272–73
Stiffed (Faludi), 274
Stone, Lucy, 131
Storey, William, 54
Story of Evangelina Cisneros, The (Hawthorne), 244
“Study in Scarlet, A” (Conan Doyle), 48
stunt reporting (by women), 133, 279
activism and, 42, 211–13, 252
anonymity and, 206, 246, 252, 276–88
Banks introduces to England, 153–63
beginnings, Bly’s exposé of Blackwell Island’s Insane Asylum, 5, 27, 28–37
beginnings, Girl Reporter’s abortion exposé, 68, 68–70, 69, 74, 78–79
careers following demise of genre, 262
circulation war of the 1890s and, 7–8
as commonplace, 198–99, 206
continuing genre of, 272–77
critics and opponents of, 7–8, 84, 199–200, 206, 252–53, 276
as damaging a career, 206, 272–73, 283
dangers of, 206–7, 224, 252
“daring journalist” image, 192–93
depicted in fiction, 253–54
detectives and, 42–53, 78, 153, 255
double standard for, 9, 276–77
earnings, 187
education level of reporters, 175, 254
engaging the reader and, 5, 36, 40–41, 48, 59, 67, 73, 78, 161, 168, 182, 192, 196, 199, 207–8n, 225–26, 226n, 250–51
expanding roles for women, 7
exploitation of, 205, 284
freedom of life of, 217–18, 274
genre’s collapse, 245–58
impact on journalism, 7, 54, 105, 271
independence of women and, 105–6
intimate tone and structure of, 7, 286n
issues faced by, 8
Lockhart’s new territory for, 168–69
marriage and, 169–72, 174–75
muckraking and, 7, 9, 256, 257, 270
multiplying of reporters, 197–200
narrative-based nonfiction and, 269
New Journalism and, 7, 9, 268, 270
as not quite respectable, 112, 133–34
as not taken seriously, 275–77
popularity of, 279
reform efforts and, 157
reporters of the late 1880s and early 1890s, 174–75, 174–75n, 270
rights of women and, 5–7
sexual topics and, 205–6
societal impact of, 5, 114–15
stories similar to detective novels, 48
taboos broken by, 78, 78n
topics covered by, 7
undercover investigations, 1–4, 9, 38, 44–53, 56–58, 60, 64, 64–66, 141, 158–62, 215, 254–55, 273, 274
unscrupulous assigning editors and, 218
as way into journalism, 253, 262, 272
white-owned newspapers and, 134
youth necessary for, 157, 157n, 175
suffrage and suffragists, 14, 175, 176, 185, 187, 297, 298
Sweet, Ada, 89, 89, 90, 98, 99, 100, 285
Marks and, 99, 101, 285
Tales of the City Room (Jordan), 247
Tarbell, Ida, 257
Ten Days in a Mad-House (Bly), 28–37, 29, 39, 40
“They Work in an Inferno” (Nelson), 65
Thompson, Hunter S., 268, 270–71
Thomson, Mortimer, 38
Times-Picayune, 48
Tompkins, Elizabeth A., “Helen Dare,” 150–51, 196–97, 197, 216, 274
Toronto Mail and Empire, 247–48
“Truth About Lynching” (Wells), 136–37
Tucker, Josiah, 207
Valesh, Eva McDonald, “Eva Gay,” 42–53, 86, 149, 175n, 221, 228, 268, 285, 293–94
appearance, 42, 224
Dingley interview, 232
exposés by, “a crusade for women,” 53
factory conditions investigated, 44–46
influence on women and journalism, 58, 61, 271
Journal firing of, 246
as labor activist, 51–52, 149, 223, 230
marriages, 222–24, 223n, 293–94
McKinley interview, 232
Minnesota origins, 43, 222, 223
New Bedford strike and advocating for “Journal’s bill,” 221, 226–32, 238–39
at New York Journal, 222, 224–33, 293
People’s Party and, 222
philosophy of, 226, 238
St. Paul Globe and, 43–44, 51, 51, 60, 86
Suicide Club article, 224–25
Valesh, Frank, 222
VIDA (Women in Literary Arts), 9
Voice from the South, A (Cooper), 132
Walls, Jeannette, 269
Washington Bee, 137–38
Watterson, Helen, 142
Webb, Beatrice, 176
Weekly Pioneer Times, 170
Wells, Ida B. (later Wells-Barnett), 7, 133, 133–37, 175, 247, 250, 263–65, 264, 287, 296–97, 297n
Afro-American League and, 263, 265
anti-lynching campaigns, 134–37, 139, 139n, 172–74, 216, 247, 263, 296–97
discussion of women’s bodies, 137
dispatches from abroad, 172–73
as editor, Chicago Conservator, 174
Free Speech and Headlight, 135, 139
influence on journalism, 271–72
marriage, 174
Matthews holds benefit for, 139–40
in New York City, 136–37
nickname and pen name, 133, 139
suffrage movement and, 297
threats against, 136
World’s Columbian Exposition, 150
writing career, 133
West, James J., 55, 60, 81, 98–99
Weyler, General Valeriano, 198
When Abortion Was a Crime (Reagan), 278–79
Willard, Frances, 173, 199–200
Wilson, Erasmus, 14–15, 19, 23, 39
Without You There Is No Us (Kim), 276
Wolcott, James, 269–70
Wolfe, Tom, 9, 268, 269, 271
Woman’s Bible (Stanton), 187
Woman’s Christian Temperance Union, 173, 199
women
abortion issue and censorship of reproductive information, 71, 82–83
birthrates and number of children, 78
Bly inspiring, 37, 48, 62, 84, 166–67
Bly’s impact on the perception of, 39
Bly’s messages to, 63
criminal justice system and, 189
depicted as powerless, 38–39
diagnosis of “hysteria” and, 32–33
expanding roles for, 7, 138
as factory workers, 44–46, 47, 52, 154–55
false advertising aimed at, 123, 123n
independence and, 105–6, 154–55, 156
inferiority of, science and, 6, 125
as jurors, 130–31, 130n, 256
labor strikes and, 221, 222
labor unions and, 47
legal practice by, 6
male pseudonyms for, 6
marriage as support, 169–72, 174–75
Midwest and liberal attitudes, 174–75n
midwifery and, 71–72
models for midlife career women, 175
nature of womanhood, 130–31
newspapers and opportunities, 62, 205
physical freedom, Lockhart and, 169
professionalization of journalism as barrier to, 255
rights limited, 5–6, 14, 47, 227
sexual harassment of, 5, 7, 59–60, 61, 64, 115, 118
unfair labor practices and, 227–28
vulnerability and trafficking, 259–61
wage inequity and, 52, 53
“women’s sphere,” 14, 15
writing, from a female perspective, 8–9
writing by, devaluing of, 5, 6, 269
Women & Power (Beard), 207–8n
“Women in Gutter Journalism” (Cahoon), 284
Woodhull, Victoria, 67
Woolf, Virginia, 8
World’s Columbian Exposition (1893), 149–51, 197, 214
Tompkins disappearance, 150–51, 197
yellow journalism, 8, 67–68, 188, 203, 207–8, 207–8n, 231, 236, 239, 249–54, 250n, 262, 298
Banks’s critique of, 252–53, 284
critics of, 250, 250n, 250n, 252
female undercover reporters and, 252–53
New Journalism influenced by, 270
professionalization of journalism and, 254
term coined, 207
World and Journal banned and, 208
Yurick, Sol, 270
About the Author
KIM TODD is the award-winning author of several books, including Chrysalis: Maria Sibylla Merian and the Secrets of Metamorphosis, and Tinkering with Eden: A Natural History of Exotic Species in America, winner of the PEN/Jerard Award and the Sigurd Olson Nature Writing Award. Her essays and articles have appeared Smithsonian, Salon, Sierra magazine, Orion, and Best American Science and Nature Writing anthologies, among other publications. She is a member of the MFA faculty at the University of Minnesota and lives in Minneapolis with her family.
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Chrysalis: Maria Sibylla Merian and the Secrets of Metamorphosis
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