42ibid., 54.
43Gentry, Curt, J. Edgar Hoover, the Man and the Secrets (New York: W.W. Norton & Company), 150.
44Cahill, Robert T. Jr., Hauptmann’s Ladder, a Step-by-Step Analysis of the Lindbergh Kidnapping (Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2014), 84.
45“Condon Deals Anew with Kidnappers and Reassures Them,” New York Times, April 13, 1932.
46“Flier Asks Secrecy to Deal with Gang,” New York Times, April 15, 1932.
47“Lindbergh Baby Found Dead near Home,” New York Times, May 13, 1932.
48Cahill, Robert T. Jr., Hauptmann’s Ladder, A Step-by-Step Analysis of the Lindbergh Kidnapping (Kent, OH; Kent State University Press, 2014), 113.
49“Morrow Maid Ends Life; Suspected in Kidnapping,” New York Times, June 11, 1932.
50“Brinkert Supported in Kidnapping Alibi,” New York Times, June 12, 1932.
51Koehler, Arthur. “Techniques Used in Tracing the Lindbergh Kidnaping Ladder.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 27 (Winter 1937): 712–24.
52Bjorkman, Timothy W., Verne Sankey, America’s First Public Enemy (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2007), 23.
53Ibid., 62.
54Ibid., 42.
55Ibid., 62.
56Bjorkman, Timothy W., Verne Sankey, America’s First Public Enemy (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2007), 94.
57“Hamm Writes His Story,” Associated Press, as published in the New York Times, June 20, 1933.
58“Kidnappers Seize St. Paul Brewer,” New York Times, June 17, 1933.
59Beason, Robert G. “Floyd Takes Sheriff for Buggy Ride,” The Bolivar Herald-Free Press, March 8, 2000.
60“5 Slain in Battle by Gang to Free Oklahoma Bandit,” New York Times, June 18, 1933.
61Ibid.
62“No Clues to Killers in Kansas City,” New York Times, June 19, 1933.
63“5 Slain in Battle by Gang to Free Oklahoma Bandit,” New York Times, June 18, 1933.
64“Seek ‘Pretty Boy’ Floyd; Federal Agents Seek Arrest in Kansas City Massacre,” New York Times, July 7, 1933.
65Unger, Robert, The Union Station Massacre: The Original Sin of J. Edgar Hoover’s FBI (Kansas City, MO: Kansas City Star Books, 2005), 218.
66Ibid., 219.
67Ibid., 218.
68Ibid., 236.
69Ibid., 239.
70Ibid., 167.
71Ibid., 169.
72“M’Gee Kidnapper, Miss M’Elroy Says,” New York Times, July 26, 1933.
73“Kidnappers Take Kansas City Girl; Return Her after Day for $30,000,” New York Times, May 29, 1933.
74“Kidnapping Hunt Gets Federal Aid,” New York Times, May 30, 1933.
75“Girl Pleads to Save Her Kidnapper’s Life,” New York Times, April 27, 1935.
76“Miss M’Elroy Dies by Her Own Hand,” New York Times, January 22, 1940.
77“Kidnappers Mourn ‘Best Friend,’” New York Times, January 22, 1940.
78“Factor Kidnapped; Held for $100,000,” New York Times, July 2, 1933.
79Ibid.
80“Factor Released by Kidnap Gang,” New York Times, July 13, 1933.
81“Factor’s Freedom Cost Him $50,000,” New York Times, July 14, 1933.
82“Factor Released by Kidnap Gang,” New York Times, July 13, 1933.
83“Factor’s Freedom Cost Him $50,000,” New York Times, July 14, 1933.
84“Editorial on Thompson,” Chicago Daily Tribune, April 9, 1933.
85“Hamm Case Band Lose Bail Protest,” New York Times, July 26, 1933.
86“J.J. O’Connell Jr. Seized by Kidnappers in Albany; $250,000 Ransom Sought,” New York Times, July 11, 1933.
87“O’Connells Name New Negotiators in Ransom Demand,” New York Times, July 13, 1933.
88“O’Connell Captors Force New Agents,” New York Times, July 15, 1933.
89“Look for Release of O’Connell Soon,” New York Times, July 19, 1933.
90“O’Connells Paid in Marked Bills,” New York Times, August 2, 1933.
91“Story of Banker’s Weary Trudge over Lonely Road at Midnight,” Alton Evening Telegraph, July 17, 1933.
92“Luer Kidnapper Confesses, 6 Held,” New York Times, July 21, 1933.
93“August Luer Identified Pit That Was His Prison When Held by Gang of Kidnappers,” Alton Evening Telegraph, July 20, 1933.
94“Kidnap Case May Go to the Jury Late Thursday,” Alton Evening Telegraph, September 27, 1933.
95“Hitler Troopers Beat New Yorker,” New York Times, July 22, 1933.
96“Oklahoma Oil Man Seized for Ransom,” New York Times, July 24, 1933.
97“David Farris, Massacre Suspect Bailey Drew FBI Scrutiny,” Edmond Life and Leisure, June 14, 2018.
98“Kidnapped Oklahoma Man among the Richest,” The Austin American, July 24, 1933.
99“Federal Men Halt Hunt for Urschel,” New York Times, July 25, 1933.
100FBI History, Famous Cases and Criminals, www.fbi.gov.
101“Urschel Relates His Own Story of Seizure and Nine-Day Captivity,” New York Times, August 2, 1933.
102Godfrey, Ed, “‘Machine Gun’ Kelly Kidnaps Wealthy Oilman,” The Oklahoman, April 18, 1999. (Originally published July 22, 1933)
103Gentry, Curt, J. Edgar Hoover, the Man and the Secrets (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1991), 159.
104“Payer of Ransom Called a Traitor,” New York Times, August 2, 1933.
105“Roosevelt in Thanksgiving Proclamation Deals Rebuke to ‘Greed and Selfishness,’” New York Times, November 22, 1933.
106“Smith Denounces Nazis as ‘Stupid,’” New York Times, September 11, 1933.
107“End of Army Rule in Japan Predicted,” New York Times, September 15, 1933.
108“Juror Says Hamm Case Climax Was in Failure to Identify Eddie McFadden,” Minneapolis Tribune, November 29, 1933.
109“Touhy and Trio Are Acquitted in Kidnap Trial,” Chicago Daily Tribune, November 29, 1933.
110Barker/Karpis Gang, FBI History, www.fbi.gov.
111“Hamm Ransom Money Is Found in Chicago Bank,” Chicago Daily Tribune, May 6, 1935.
112“G-Men Chalk up One of Their Greatest Victories in Cleanup of the Hamm Kidnapping Gang,” New York Daily News, August 16, 1936.
113“California Youth Is Held by Kidnappers; $40,000 Ransom Asked for Merchant’s Son,” New York Times, November 11, 1933.
114“Young Hart Slain; Kidnappers Threw His Body into Bay,” New York Times, November 17, 1933.
115“Gov. Rolph Backs San Jose Lynching as Kidnap Warning,” New York Times, November 28, 1933.
116“Hoover and Rolph in Sharp Exchange,” New York Times, December 1, 1933.
117“Rolph Restates His Attitude; Sees ‘Criminals’ Day at an End,” New York Times, November 30, 1933.
118“Reich Bishop Wars on Nazis’ Enemies as Revolt Widens,” New York Times, November 27, 1933.
119“Rush U.S. Liquor Rules to Meet Repeal Tuesday,” Chicago Daily Tribune, December 4, 1933.
120“99 Years for Three Touhys,” Chicago Daily Tribune, February 23, 1934.
121“Slay One Touhy; Convict One,” Chicago Daily Tribune, March 14, 1934.
122“Kidnappers Hold St. Paul Banker; Note Asks $200,000,” New York Times, January 19, 1934.
123“Bremer Held Alive; Negotiations Near, the Ransom Ready,” New York Times, January 21, 1934.
124“Hunt for Bremer by Federal Men Covers 350 Miles,” New York Times, January 22, 1934.
125Koehler, Arthur. “Techniques Used in Tracing the Lindbergh Kidnaping Ladder.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 27 (Winter 1937): 712–24.
126Ibid., 153.
127Ibid., 171.
128Ibid., 175.
129Koehler, Arthur. “Who Made That Ladder?” Saturday Evening Post, April 20, 1935.
130“Adolph Fiedler Names Eight Men and Woman as Kidnapers of Dr. Kelley,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, February 7, 1934.
131“Held for ‘Protection’ in Kidnapping Case,” New York Times, May 14, 1934.
132“License Plates Mysteriously Lost in
