The Wealth of Nations

profit.” ↩

This passage is much the same as that which concludes book i, ch. ix, above, here; but this is the original, as the other was not in ed. 1. ↩

Above, here. ↩

Ed. 1 reads “with a neighbouring country.” ↩

Above, here. ↩

Ed. 1 reads “with a neighbouring country.” ↩

These figures are given above, here; here. ↩

These four sentences beginning with “At some of the outports” are not in ed. 1. ↩

Ed. 1 reads “possesses.” ↩

Ed. 1 places “a popular measure” here. ↩

Ed. 1 does not contain “in all future times.” ↩

The date at which the non-importation agreement began to operate. ↩

“For the greater security of the valuable cargoes sent to America, as well as for the more easy prevention of fraud, the commerce of Spain with its colonies is carried on by fleets which sail under strong convoys. These fleets, consisting of two squadrons, one distinguished by the name of the Galeons, the other by that of the Flota, are equipped annually. Formerly they took their departure from Seville; but as the port of Cadiz has been found more commodious, they have sailed from it since the year 1720.”

—⁠W. Robertson, History of America, bk. viii.; in Works, 1825, vol. vii, p. 372

↩

By the treaty of Kainardji, 1774. ↩

In 1773. ↩

Ed. 1 reads “prevent it.” ↩

Eds. 1 and 2 read “and employment.” ↩

Ed. 1 reads “have entirely conquered.” ↩

Ed. 1 reads “own capital.” ↩

Ed. 1 reads “extremely fit for a nation that is governed by shopkeepers. Such sovereigns and such sovereigns only.” ↩

Ed. 1 reads “their subjects, to found and to maintain.” ↩

Ed. 1 reads “is” here and two lines lower down. ↩

Ed. 1 reads “and a great part of that which preceded it.” ↩

Below, here. ↩

Ed. 1 reads “seem.” ↩

“Aucun des règnes précédents n’a fourni plus de volumes, plus d’anecdotes, plus d’estampes, plus de pièces fugitives, etc. Il y a dans tout cela bien des choses inutiles; mais comme Henri III vivait au milieu de son peuple, aucun détail des actions de sa vie n’a echappé à la curiosité; et comme Paris était le théâtre des principaux événements de la ligue, les bourgeois qui y avaient la plus grande part, conservaient soigneusement les moindres faits qui se passaient sous leurs yeux; tout ce qu’ils voyaient leur paraissait grand, parce qu’ils y participaient, et nous sommes curieux, sur parole, de faits dont la plupart ne faisaient peut-être pas alors une grande nouvelle dans le monde.”

—⁠C. J. F. Hénault, Nouvel Abrégé chronologique de l’histoire de France, nouv. éd., 1768, p. 473, AD 1589

↩

Eds. 4 and 5 erroneously insert “to” here. ↩

Eds. 1⁠–⁠3 read “was.” ↩

Eds. 1⁠–⁠3 read “was.” ↩

Ed. 1 reads “nations.” ↩

Raynal begins his Histoire philosophique with the words “Il n’y a point eu d’événement aussi intéressant pour l’espèce humaine en général et pour les peuples de l’Europe en particulier, que la découverte du nouveau monde et le passage aux Indes par le Cap de Bonne-Espérance. Alors a commencé une révolution dans le commerce, dans la puissance des nations, dans les mœurs, l’industrie et le gouvernement de tous les peuples.” ↩

Above, this section. ↩

Ed. 1 reads “distant employment.” ↩

See below, here. ↩

The monopoly of the French East India Company was abolished in 1769. See the Continuation of Anderson’s Commerce, 1801, vol. iv, p. 128. ↩

Raynal, Histoire philosophique, ed. Amsterdam, 1773, tom. i, p. 203, gives the original capital as 6,459,840 florins. ↩

Eds. 1⁠–⁠3 read “if it was.” ↩

Ed. 1 reads “the principal branch.” ↩

Raynal, Histoire philosophique, 1773, tom. i, p. 178. ↩

Above, here through here. ↩

Ed. 1 reads “those.” ↩

Ed. 1 does not contain “are said to.” The statement has already been twice made, here and here. ↩

Ed. 1 reads “barbarous.” ↩

Ed. 1 reads “the.” ↩

Ed. 1 does not contain these four sentences beginning “It is the interest.” ↩

Smith had in his library (see Bonar’s Catalogue, p. 15) William Bolts, Considerations on India Affairs, Particularly Respecting the Present State of Bengal and Its Dependencies, ed. 1772. Pt. i, ch. xiv, of this is “On the general modern trade of the English in Bengal; on the oppressions and monopolies which have been the causes of the decline of trade, the decrease of the revenues, and the present ruinous condition of affairs in Bengal.” At p. 215 we find “the servants of the Company⁠ ⁠… directly or indirectly monopolise whatever branches they please of the internal trade of those countries.” ↩

The interest of every proprietor of India Stock, however, is by no means the same with that of the country in the government of which his vote gives him some influence. See Book V.