11 November, 1417–20 February, 1431. ↩
3 March, 1431–23 February, 1447. ↩
6 March, 1447–24 March, 1455. ↩
8 April, 1455–6 August, 1458. ↩
19 August, 1458–15 August, 1464. ↩
Stefano Infessura was born at Rome circa 1435 and died there circa 1500. This turbulent spirit was entangled in the conspiracy of Stefano Porcaro against Nicholas V (1453), which aimed at overturning the Papal government and making Rome a republic. His violent bias makes his Diarium urbis Romae, a chronicle from 1294 to 1494 (written partly in Latin and partly in Italian), of little value, as he did not hesitate to reproduce any idle scandal, and even to invent notorious calumnies, concerning such Pontiffs as Sixtus IV and Innocent VIII. ↩
Cf. Ovid, Metamorphoseon, X, 734–35:
ut pluuio per lucida caelo
Surgere bulla solet.
Cf. Cicero, In Uerrum, II, IV, 56: “Bullas aureas omnes ex his ualuis, quae erant et multae, et graues, non dubitauit auferre.” ↩
There are also decrees of the Holy Office of 1856; 30 March, 1898; 24 April, 1917, etc. ↩
For a full account of the Papal Bulls, see my Geography of Witchcraft, 1927, c. VII, “Italy,” pp. 524–46. ↩
Similarly, Leo XIII undoubtedly meant the Bull “Apostolicae Curae, 18 September, 1896, to fix the belief and practice of the Catholic Church forever. In a letter to Cardinal Richard, 5 November, 1896, the Pope declared that his intention has been absolute iudicare et penitus dirimere, and that all Catholics must receive his judgement as perpetuo firmam, ratam, irreuocabilem. ↩
Zauberwahn … im Mittelalter, Munich, 1900. ↩
New York, The Encyclopaedic Press, Inc., Copyright, 1913, Vol. XV, pp. 674–77. ↩
Concerning whom he wrote no less than four highly controversial articles, The Month, September to December, 1921, and in a fresh fit of exacerbation returned to the attack, The Month, January, 1924. ↩
One may contrast the beautiful and most devotional study of this shrine by my friend Professor Allison Peers with the cold sneers of Fr. Thurston’s articles upon the miraculous Crucifix. ↩
The Month, April, 1925. ↩
1909. ↩
1917. There are, it should be remarked, many other writers of authority who conclusively traverse Canon Chevalier’s thesis, but these are dismissed by Fr. Thurston as “comparatively few and unimportant.” One would be loath to charge him with deliberate suggestio falsi. ↩
Loreto and the Holy House, by the Rev. G. E. Phillips, p. 6. ↩
Feast, 15 November. In Austria Duplex primae classis cum octaua. ↩
On the second Friday in Lent was formerly kept the Feast of the Spear and Nails first granted by Innocent VI, 13 February, 1353, for Germany and Bohemia at the request of Charles IV. In some places the Feast was kept on the Friday after Low Sunday. It is now observed by certain religious families. ↩
Feast, 15 March. He is especially venerated at Mantua. ↩
It was restored less than fifty years ago. S. Maria di Monserrato, of which church S. Giacomo is Contitolare is now served by Spanish priests. ↩
The bride, her mother Clarice Orsini, and a magnificent retinue entered Rome on 3 November, 1487; the marriage was celebrated at the Vatican, Sunday, 20 January, 1488. ↩
Burchard was only aware of two children of Innocent VIII. But Egidio of Viterbo wrote: “Primus pontificum filios filiasque palam ostentauit, primus eorum apertas fecit nuptias.” And there are the Epigrams of Marullo:
Quid quaeris testes, sit mas an foemina Cibo?
Respice natorum, pignora certa, gregem.
Octo Nocens pueros genuit, totidemque puellas,
Hunc merito poterit decere Roma patrem.
It is hardly to be believed that these libels have been accepted as actual fact. ↩
Lorenzo de’ Medici, c. VI. ↩
Leo the Tenth, c. III. ↩
Jansen, History of the German People, English translation, XVI, 249–51. ↩
In November, 1485, the Bishop required Fr. Kramer to leave the diocese of Brixen. At the beginning of Lent, 1486, the Bishop insists that Fr. Kramer shall no longer delay his departure. ↩
Born at Trittenheim on the Moselle, 1 February, 1462; died at Würzburg, 13 December, 1518. He took the monastic habit in 1482 at Sponheim, and here, owing to his love of books, he built up the renowned library. Having ruled as abbot for twenty-three years he sought a more retired and peaceful life, which he enjoyed as head of the Scottish house of S. James at Würzburg. Here he died aged fifty-five years. Only a part of his works, numbering more than eighty, have appeared in print. Many treat of the ascetical life, but some deal with classical literature and natural science. ↩
The Hammer of Witches Which Destroyeth Witches and Their Heresy as with a Two-Edged Sword, by Fr. Henry Kramer and Fr. James Sprenger, of the Order of Preachers, Inquisitors. ↩
An edition which cannot be traced. See the Note upon the Bibliography. ↩
1433–77. In 1467 he succeeded to the Dukedom of Burgundy on the death of his father, Philip the Good. ↩
Alanus de Rupe, born about 1428; died at Zwolle in Holland, 8 September, 1475. Early in life he entered the Dominican Order, and after a distinguished academic career, preached throughout Northern France, Flanders, and the Netherlands with intensest enthusiasm, his special mission being the
