35
The road stretched long and straight ahead of them, shimmering in the noon-day heat.
Angela adjusted one of the dashboard vents to direct cold air straight at her face. ‘El-Hiba is one of those places that not many people have heard of, under any of its names. As well as Tayu-djayet and el-Hiba, in Coptic it was called Teudjo and much later, in the Graeco–Roman Period it was called Ankyronpolis.’
Bronson settled back in his driving seat. ‘I can see that the Coptic and Egyptian words are pretty similar, but how did they come up with Ankyronpolis?’
‘It was a Greek name. Alexander the Great conquered Egypt in three hundred and thirty-two BC, and founded the city of Alexandria. When he died, his generals divided up his vast empire and one of them – a man named Ptolemy I Soter – eventually seized power in Egypt and created a dynasty that would rule the country for almost three hundred years. It was called the Ptolemaic Period – a mind-numbingly obvious name to choose because every king or pharaoh took the name Ptolemy, one after the other. The only breaks were the handful of women who ruled for short periods. They usually adopted the name Arsinoe, Berenice or Cleopatra. The last one was Cleopatra VII – the lover of Antony. When she died in thirty BC, that ended the Ptolemaic Dynasty.
‘Anyway, el-Hiba didn’t rank with places like Thebes or Luxor or Giza, but from about twelve hundred BC to around seven hundred BC – that was the period spanning the Twentieth to the Twenty-Second Dynasties – it was an important frontier town. It marked the division of Egypt between the High Priests of Amun, who were based upriver at Thebes, modern Luxor, and the kings of Egypt who ruled from Tanis.
‘As a frontier town, el-Hiba was vulnerable to attack, and so a massive wall was built there, encircling the settlement, which of course gave the place its Egyptian name. Now, our interest in the town is because the first of the Twenty-Second Dynasty kings, Shoshenq I, built a temple to Amun there.’
‘I thought you said the pharaoh’s name was Shishaq?’
Angela sighed. ‘Actually, there never was a pharaoh called Shishaq, as he’s named in the Bible, which is one of the problems, but most experts now agree that the best fit for Shishaq is probably Shoshenq I, and one reason for that, apart from the similarity in their names, is what Shoshenq did at el-Hiba. Towards the end of his reign, probably about nine hundred and thirty to nine hundred and twenty BC, he had the temple walls decorated with a list of the cities that his forces captured during his campaign in Palestine. And that accords quite well with the biblical account of the invasion of Judea by the pharaoh who was called Shishaq in the Bible.’
‘Yes, that makes sense,’ Bronson agreed.
The road was following the east bank of the Nile upstream, heading south-west. There were occasional roads heading off to the east, presumably leading to nearby settlements, and they had driven through some small villages that lay on the main road as well. The road was still reasonably quiet, but there were several cars and a few vans and trucks heading in each direction, with the heaviest volume of traffic going north, towards Cairo.
‘Where are we now?’ Angela asked.
The road ahead swung slightly to the left, and as Bronson steered the car around the bend he spotted a sign on the right hand side of the road. ‘Kuddaya,’ he said.
‘Got it.’ Angela looked down at the map, tracing their route with her finger. ‘Believe it or not, it looks as if there’s a fairly sharp bend coming up in about ten miles. That’ll wake you up.’
Bronson laughed. ‘And when we get there, you want to look at the hieroglyphic inscriptions?’
‘Exactly,’ Angela said. ‘I already know that the inscriptions include a list of the towns that Shoshenq captured in Judea – that’s been well established – but what I haven’t been able to find out is if there’s a list of the spoils of war there as well.’
‘Did they usually show that kind of thing?’ Bronson asked.
‘Normally, yes, because that would show the pharaoh as a supremely powerful and all-conquering leader of his people, a living god, in fact. Quite often the temple inscriptions would show him in a war chariot, personally leading a charge against his enemies, or executing captives with a sword or mace after a battle, that kind of thing. If the Egyptian forces managed to capture a treasure as important as the Ark of the Covenant, the pharaoh would want that fact to be recorded in stone as well.’
Bronson sighed and stretched his shoulders. ‘Bring it on,’ he said.
36
‘We’re here,’ Angela said, folding up the map and putting it back in the glovebox. ‘That’s el-Hiba up there on the hill.’
In front of them, a vast area of ruined mud-brick walls and other structures extended from the River Nile on their right all the way up the hillside, the bright afternoon sunlight turning it golden. The road climbed steadily up to the village, and had clearly been driven straight through one section of the ruined buildings.
‘It doesn’t look like much,’ Bronson said, disappointed.
‘It isn’t much, now,’ Angela replied, ‘but in its heyday it was a busy, populous place. Several thousand people lived here, but now it’s probably only a handful. Let’s find somewhere to park the car, and then we’ll have a look round.’
The village wasn’t quite as deserted as it appeared. There were a few locals wandering about, their white clothes grubby from the dust that swirled everywhere each time a vehicle passed through the settlement. Some were sitting beside the road outside a small cafe, smoking hookah pipes or drinking thick black coffee from tiny glasses. Finding somewhere to park their car wasn’t difficult. Bronson pulled over on some waste ground.
‘I expected it to be a lot bigger, and a whole lot busier, than this,’ he muttered, as he locked the car.
‘It’s not on the most popular tourist itineraries,’ Angela said. ‘In fact, I don’t think it’s on
‘They were excavating Shoshenq’s temple, I suppose?’
‘Probably not just the temple. This place was a fortress, and also a necropolis. There are thousands of tombs here somewhere that date back almost four millennia. I assume the team would have looked at the whole site, rather than just a bit of it.’
‘So nobody’s ever really studied the place before them?’ Bronson asked.
‘Not really, though there have been one or two spectacular finds reported here. The earliest known example of demotic script was found here, on a piece of papyrus. That dates from about six hundred and sixty BC. But because el-Hiba is so old, and has had so many influences – Egyptian, Greek, Roman, and so on – any dig here would have to be a long and wide-ranging excavation.’
They walked on, heading for an open area at the very top of the settlement that they guessed would give them a decent view of the whole site.
‘Spectacular,’ Bronson said, as they stopped and looked around.
Below them, the ruins of the reddish-brown mud-brick walls descended in tumbled waves and terraces
