The Gun

24. John H. Parker, Tactical Organization and Uses of Machine Guns in the Field (Kansas City, Mo: Hudson-Kimberly Publishing Co. 1899), p. 35–36.

25. A full copy of the handwritten test report is on file at Connecticut State Library.

26. Letter from R. J. Gatling to General John Love, October 26, 1873. On file at Indiana Historical Society Collection.

27. Letter from R. J. Gatling to General John Love. August 1, 1873. On file at Indiana Historical Society Collection.

28. Letter from Edgar T. Welles to General John Love, August 2, 1873. On file at Indiana Historical Society Collection.

29. Letter from R. J. Gatling to General John Love, November 30, 1873. On file at Indiana Historical Society Collection.

30. Letter from R. J. Gatling to General Love, November 8, 1873. On file at Indiana Historical Society.

31. Ibid.

32. “Letter from the Secretary of War Recommending Appropriation for Gatling Guns,” Government Printing Office, 1874. On file at Connecticut State Library.

33. Letter from R. J. Gatling to General John Love, May 10, 1874. On file at Indiana Historical Society Collection.

34. Letter from R. J. Gatling to General John Love, March 26, 1874. On file at Indiana Historical Society Collection.

35. Letter from R. J. Gatling to General John Love, May 30, 1874. On file at Indiana Historical Society Collection.

36. “List of Guns Sold and Paid For,” on file at Connecticut State Library.

37. “The Place of the Mitrailleurs in War,” reprinted from Saturday Review in Eclectic Magazine of Foreign Literature, Science and Art, Vol. XII, July to December 1870 (New York: E. R. Pelton, 1870), pp. 725–28.

38. Nature, September 1, 1870, p. 361.

39. Letter from R. J. Gatling to General John Love, August 28, 1873. On file at Indiana Historical Society Collection.

40. Letter from R. J. Gatling to General John Love, November 9, 1873. On file at Indiana Historical Society Collection.

41. Letter from William Folger to General John Love, July 11, 1874. On file at Indiana Historical Society Collection.

42. Fosbery, “On Mitrailleurs,” p. 557.

43. Ibid., p. 572.

44. Captain Rogers made a presentation, “The Gatling Gun: Its Place in Tactics,” at the evening meeting of the Royal United Services Institution on April 19, 1875. The full text of his speech was published in the institution’s journal, No. 19, 1876, London. The excerpt here is from p. 423.

45. Ibid., p. 427.

46. Letter from R. J. Gatling to General John Love, April 27, 1874. Letter on file at Indiana Historical Society.

47. Letter from R. J. Gatling to Love, May 30, 1874. The letter has a telling cross-out. After writing “five pounds” Gatling had originally added “or 10 pounds.” The second amount was crossed out with four lines, suggesting that while Gatling sought Rogers’s assistance, he wanted to secure it at minimal expense.

48. Rogers, “The Gatling Gun,” p. 438.

49. Ibid., p. 440.

50. Red Horse was interviewed in 1881 by an army surgeon. His account was published by the Government Printing Office in 1893 and reproduced in Lakota and Cheyenne, Indian Views of the Great Sioux War, 1876–1877, ed. Jerome A. Greene, p. 37.

51. “On Little Big Horn with General Custer,” Army Magazine, June and July 1894; republished in Peter Cozzens, ed., Eyewitness to the Indian Wars, 1865–1890: The Long War for the Northern Plains, p. 318.

52. Williston, “Machine Guns in War.”

53. Peter Cozzens, ed., Eyewitness to the Indian Wars, 1865–1890, Volume Two: The Wars for the Pacific Northwest (Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Press, 2002), p. 377.

54. Donald R. Morris, The Washing of the Spears: The Rise and Fall of the Zulu Nation (Cambridge, Mass.: De Capo Press, 1998), p. 567.

55. Ibid., p. 569.

56. “The Zulus Badly Whipped,” New York Times, July 24, 1879.

57. Morris, Washing of the Spears, p 572.

58. Kimball, “Machine Guns,” p. 410.

59. W. Gardner, “Machine Guns and How to Use Them,” in Ordnance Notes. No. 198, Washington, D.C., June 1, 1882, p. 2.

60. Ibid., p. 6.

61. Ibid., p. 8.

62. Lakeside Press, Cleveland, N.Y., April 2, 1881.

63. Paul Wahl and Donald R. Toppel, The Gatling Gun (New York: Arco Publishing, 1965), p. 100. The authors cited the August 27 issue of the Army & Navy Journal.

64. Chinn, The Machine Gun, p. 58.

3. Hiram Maxim Changes War

1. “Evening News” of Baltimore, date illegible. From the Sir Hiram S. Maxim Collection, 1890–1916. Archives Division, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

2. This number is from Maxim’s memoirs, My Life (London: Methuen and Co., 1915). In another account, to the Royal United Services Institution, Maxim said he had fired seven rounds.

3. “Sir Hiram Maxim, Inventor, Dies,” Rochester Herald, November 25, 1916.

4. Hiram Maxim, My Life, p. 38.

5. Personal communication from Dr. Joseph Slade, of the University of Ohio, who has researched Maxim’s life and holds copies of some of Maxim’s personal papers.

6. Maxim, My Life, p. 40.

7. Ibid., p. 48.

8. Ibid., p. 86.

9. Brooklyn Eagle, November 24, 1916.

10. Maxim, My Life, p. 132.

11. Hiram Percy Maxim, A Genius in the Family: Sir Hiram Stevens Maxim Through a Small Son’s Eyes (New York & London: Harper & Brothers 1936), pp. 21–25.

12. Maxim, A Genius in the Family, pp. 17–20.

13. Census data from personal communication from Dick Eastman, genealogist. Dr. Slade, who had researched Maxim’s life, said, of Maxim’s move to Canada during the war, “His wanderings are certainly suspicious” (personal communication with author).

14. “How I Invented Maxim Gun—Hiram Maxim. Outbreak of World-War Moves Veteran American to Describe for The Times His Epoch-Making Invention,” New York Times, November 1, 1914. This was how Maxim himself quoted the advice in 1914. A briefer version is commonly cited: “Hang your chemistry and electricity! If you want to make a pile of money, invent something that will enable these Europeans to cut each other’s throats with great facility.” The second quotation has been used by many sources, including by Chinn in The Machine Gun (p. 128), and the many gun writers who borrowed from him. The