69. Bentham, ii: 126, J. Bentham to S. Bentham, 18 June 1778; RBS, ‘Knappe- Kiukhel’bekher’ (SPb, 1903), 39–40.
70. Madariaga, Short History, 95.
71. Best. D17127, C. to Voltaire, 26 Mar. 1771; Jones, Nikolay Novikov, 65.
72. Platon, Pouchitel’nye slova, ii: 310–11.
73. PSZ, xix: 13,603, 6 May 1771.
74. Jones, Nikolay Novikov, 20 (curlers), 61–3; P. N. Berkov, Istoriia russkoi komedii XVIII v. (Leningrad, 1977), 144.
75. SIRIO, xii: 427, Cathcart to Rochford, 17 Mar. 1769.
76. Herder on Social and Political Culture, ed. F. M. Barnard (Cambridge 1969), 87, ‘Journal of my Voyage in 1769’.
77. Best. D16286, C. to Voltaire, 31 Mar. 1770.
78. Letter to Voltaire, quoted in L. Wolff, Inventing Eastern Europe: The Map of Civilization on the Mind of the Enlightenment (Stanford, CA, 1994), 223; Madariaga, 337.
79. The Antidote; or an enquiry into the merits of a book, entitled A Journey into Siberia (London, 1772), 22, 76, 25.
80. KfZh (1769), 142–4.
81. Madariaga, 210; Best. D16057, C. to Voltaire, 13 Dec. 1769; D16071, Voltaire to C., 2 Jan. 1770 NS.
82. M. S. Anderson, ‘Great Britain and the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774’, English Historical Review, 69 (1954), 44.
83. Cross, 185–8; E. V. Tarle, Chesmenskii boi i pervaia russkaia ekspeditsiia v arkhipelag (Moscow-Leningrad, 1945), 45–53; Venturi, End of the Old Regime, 74. The latest scholarly study is G. A. Grebenshchikova, Baltiiskii flot v period pravleniia Ekateriny II: dokumenty, fakty, issledovaniia (SPb, 2007).
84. Best. D16670, C. to Voltaire, 16 Sept. 1770. Turkish losses were probably closer to 10,000.
85. SIRIO, i: 62, C. to A. G. Orlov, 3 Oct. 1770.
86. Fel’dmarshal Rumiantsev: Dokumenty, pis’ma, vospominaniia, ed. A. P. Kapitonov (M, 2001), 108–22, Rumiantsev to C., 20 June and 31 July 1770.
87. D. I. Peters, Nagradnye medali Rossii vtoroi poloviny XVIII stoletiia (M, 1999), 64–71.
88. E.g., KfZh (1770), 162–4, 20 July, the Feast of the Prophet Elijah.
89. KfZh (1770), 171–2; Falconet, 136, C. to Falconet, 18 Aug. 1770.
90. Best. D16604, C to Voltaire, 9/20 Aug. 1770.
91. Madariaga, 219–20.
92. J. Lukowski, The Partitions of Poland, 1772, 1793, 1795 (London, 1999), 61.
93. SIRIO, xiii: 59, C. to Bielke, 12 Jan. 1771; Best. D16999, C. to Voltaire, 23 Jan. 1771.
94. Pis’ma Salytkovu, 85, 23 Nov. 1770.
95. SIRIO, x: 433–4.
96. Zhurnal bytnosti v Rossii Ego Korolevsago Vysochestva Printsa Prusskago Genrikha (SPb, n.d., supplement to KfZh 1770), 12, 30–1.
97. Schenker, Bronze Horseman, 135–61, esp. 157–8.
98. Memoirs du Comte de Hordt, Gentilhomme Suedois, etc., 2 vols. (Berlin, 1789), ii: 225–6; Zhurnal bytnosti, 50–4.
99. Sochineniia, iv: 149–63.
100. Richardson, 328, 330–1.
101. A. Zorin, Kormia dvuglavogo orla (M, 2001) 33–94.
102. Best. D16711, C. to Voltaire, 7/18 Oct. 1770; Richardson, 327.
103. Best. D16825, C. to Voltaire, 4/15 Dec. 1770; D17081, 3/14 Mar. 1771. For Voltaire’s reply, see D16984, 22 Jan. 1771 NS.
104. Best. D16683, Voltaire to C., 2 Oct. 1770 NS.
105. Alexander, Bubonic Plague, 101–2, 107, 115, 118.
106. Best., D17443, Voltaire to C., 12 Nov. 1771 NS. See also D16747, 6 Nov. 1770 NS.
107. Alexander, Bubonic Plague, 150–61 and passim.
108. Beales, Joseph II, 286–94 (289).
109. Beales, Joseph II, 282–4; Madariaga, 221–3 (222); Lukowski, Partitions of Poland (64), 68–74.
110. SIRIO, xiii: 116, C. to Panin, 19 June 1771. This was barely six weeks after the edict banning corporal punishment for liveried servants, suggesting a clear distinction between the two groups in C.’s mind.
111. Ibid., 117, C. to Panin, 23 June.
112. SIRIO, clxiii: 309, Sabatier to Aiguillon, 12 July NS.
113. SIRIO, xiii: 142, C. to Bielke, 30 July 1770; 149, 29 Aug. See also clxiii: 321, Sabatier to Aiguillon, 9 Aug. NS.
114. Alexander, Bubonic Plague, 186–201 (204).
115. Best. D17407, C. to Voltaire, 6/17 Oct. 1771.
116. PSZ, xix: 13,689, 26 Oct. 1771.
117. Alexander, Bubonic Plague, 253.
118. Best. D17341, C. to Voltaire, 14/25 Aug. 1771. The temple of memory was ultimately designed by Charles Cameron and destroyed by order of Paul I in 1797.
119. Falconet, 134, Falconet to C., 14 Aug. 1770; SIRIO, x: 431; Shchukina, Dva veka russkoi medali, 65–70.
120. SIRIO, xiii: 238, C. to Bielke, 28 Apr. 1772.
121. Cross, 266–73; D. Shvidkovsky, The Empress and the Architect: British Architecture and Gardens at the Court of Catherine the Great (New Haven, CT, 1996), 172–81; I. Iakovkin, Opisanie sela tsarskago (SPb, 1830), 32–4.
122. Cross, 269.
123. Satiricheskie zhurnaly, 96, 28 July 1769. The second edition of The Drone was dedicated to Naryshkin: see ibid., 45, and SK, iv: 202.
124. Sovremennik, 38 (1853), 96–101; KfZh (1772), 297–302. For an earlier entertainment at Leventhal, see KfZh (1770), 157–60.
125. N. Wraxall, A Tour through some of the Northern Parts of Europe, 3rd edn. (London, 1776), 213.
126. SIRIO, xiii: 23, C. to Bielke, 13 July 1770.
127. SIRIO, xiii: 99–100, C. to Panin, 24–25 May, 1771. See also SIRIO, cxliii: 291–2, Sabatier to Vrilliere, 7 June NS.
128. Best. D17322, 22 July/3 Aug. 1771; PSZ, xix: 13,651, 26 July.
129. Pis’ma Saltykovu, 69, 31 May 1768.
130. A. I. Mikhailov, Bazhenov (M, 1951), 50–7, 60.
131. Ibid., 61; Iu. Ia. Gerchuk, ed., Vasilii Ivanovich Bazhenov (M, 2001), 73–5, ‘Kratkoe rassuzhdenie o kremlevskom stroenii’.
132. Gerchuk, Bazhenov, 80, Teplov to Bazhenov, 15 Feb. 1770.
133. Pis’ma Saltykovu, 91, 23 Nov. 1770; Zhurnal bytnosti, 98, 100. PSZ, xix: 13,581, 15 Mar. 1771, decreed that though the city wall was to be demolished along the Moscow River from the Annunciation Cathedral to the Church of Peter the Metropolitan, neither was to be damaged.
