Author’s note
Spies have one particularity: they only talk about themselves once their identity has been
revealed. This means that in the dark world of intelligence, there are no doubt many
spies out there who have not yet been caught. Whether they are sleeper agents or active
moles, they remain hidden away.
The spies who feature in this book, be they heroic or pitiful, patriots or traitors,
disinterested or greedy, have been in the media spotlight and have often paid for their
secretive work either with their lives, or years of imprisonment. Yet they have rarely
revealed their secrets. The object of this new book, based on the revelations of ‘Mr X’,
is to clarify this matter.
More broadly, this ‘bouquet’ of spies of all nationalities brings us closer to the reality
of contemporary espionage and the existence of these intelligence minions, who have
entrusted their fate to those cold monsters of the secret services of powerful nations.
Patrick Pesnot
Great
Spies
OF THE 20TH CENTURY
Great
Spies
OF THE 20TH CENTURY
PATRICK PESNOT
First published in Great Britain in 2016 by
PEN & SWORD MILITARY
an imprint of Pen and Sword Books Ltd
47 Church Street Barnsley
South Yorkshire S70 2AS
Copyright © Patrick Pesnot, 2016
ISBN 978 1 47386 219 7
The right of Patrick Pesnot to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing.
Printed and bound in England by
CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY
Pen & Sword Books Ltd incorporates the imprints of Pen & Sword Archaeology, Atlas, Aviation, Battleground, Discovery, Family History, History, Maritime, Military, Naval, Politics, Railways, Select, Social History, Transport, True Crime, and Claymore Press, Frontline Books, Leo Cooper, Praetorian Press, Remember When, Seaforth Publishing and Wharncliffe.
For a complete list of Pen and Sword titles please contact Pen and Sword Books Limited
47 Church Street, Barnsley, South Yorkshire, S70 2AS, England E-mail: enquiries@pen-and-sword.co.uk Website: www.pen-and-sword.co.uk
Acknowledgements
Thank you to Rébecca Denantes, Yannick Dehée, Jean-Pierre Guéno, Ilinca Negulesco,
Catherine Pesnot and Sabine Sportouch.
Chapter 1
Blunt: the Gentleman Spy
He was a gentleman through and through. Dark suit with thin blue stripes, red tie, and a blue shirt on a thin, lanky and slightly arched body. His long, bony face had a melancholy expression, which flashed a clear but cold look. His wavy hair, just a little long, was impeccably parted on the left-hand side. This gentleman was a regular at Buckingham Palace, a Knight of the Realm and also a Commander in the order of the Legion d'honneur. Yet Sir Anthony Blunt was also a spy. He was one of the ‘Cambridge Five'; five traitors taken from the upper echelons of English society, who during World War Two and the following years, rendered immense services to the Soviets.
Mr X has already discussed this matter by drawing particular attention to the most flamboyant of them, Kim Philby,1 a character who seems to have come straight out of a John Le Carre novel. However, he has remained very discreet about Anthony Blunt, a great art historian and member of the Queen's counsel, whose role was only made public at the end of the 1970s. For a long time the British counterintelligence service knew the full truth about Sir Anthony, who were he alive today, would be over 100-years old. Yet no accusations were made against him. This is not the only mystery in an affair where there are still secrets yet to be revealed. It is a dossier that has all the ingredients of a very ‘British' scandal, mixing sex, politics and betrayal.
A recent and accurate biography of Anthony Blunt evokes the double life of this gentleman spy, who effectively had the characteristics of a chameleon. On the one hand, he presented himself as the perfect product of British High Society: an aesthete who had gone to the most prestigious schools in the kingdom, an art historian whose works were an authority and who personally watched over the collections of the royal family. Yet on the other hand, he was an ambivalent character who drank too much and in a time of very strict morals, hid as much of his homosexuality as he could.
The last dark side of his character was his life as a spy. A spy who, let us say from the outset, was betrayed, at least initially, by idealism. The Soviets rarely paid for his services, and if they did it was only in small amounts. As a homosexual, Blunt could also have been subjected to blackmail. However, it does not appear that his successive contract officers profited from this, even though as KGB agents, they did not hesitate to use all manners of sexual exploitation to recruit their spies. Yet this was not necessary in Blunt's case; his commitment was sincere.
This affair hides a story within a story. While there is no doubt of Blunt's betrayal, doesn't the fact that it was hidden for so long mean that it was also hiding something else? And why did Margaret Thatcher believe she was right to reveal the truth so soon after coming to power?
Anthony Blunt was the third son of a modest vicar. Nevertheless, he was distantly related to the royal family through his mother, who was second cousin to the future
Elizabeth II's father [George VI]. Despite the relative poverty of his parents, he began his studies at a renowned public school [Marlborough College], where discipline was ruthless and where living conditions were very harsh. The young Anthony swept up all the top honours and gained a scholarship to the famous Trinity College at Cambridge. which would be crucible for the training of the future ‘Cambridge Five'. After studying modern languages, this talented young man then joined the so-called ‘Bloomsbury Group', a circle of artists and intellectuals, whose members included Virginia Woolf. The group brought together intellectuals
