Scipio Aemilianus takes Numantia. Spain settled.
Slave war in Sicily continues.
132
Special court set up to punish Gracchus’s supporters.
Secret ballot for legislation votes in the People’s Assembly.
Slave war in Sicily ended.
129
Scipio Aemilianus dies mysteriously.
125
Proposal to enfranchise the Latins fails.
123
Gaius Gracchus elected tribune for the first time. Proposes many laws this year and in 122.
Tiberius’s land reform confirmed.
Special courts barred from imposing death penalty unless approved by the People.
Judicial reforms: extortion court juries to comprise
Large overseas
Grain supply and distribution improved.
Many construction and road-building projects commissioned.
Proposal to extend citizenship to all Italian allies rejected.
122
Gaius Gracchus elected tribune for the second time.
Gracchus opposed by Tribune Marcus Livius Drusus. Fails to win reelection for 121.
Senate passes the Final Decree (state of emergency) for the first time.
Gracchus and followers defeated by force of senators and
116
Problem of Jugurtha begins. Senatorial commission of inquiry partitions Numidian kingdom between Jugurtha and Adherbal.
112
Jugurtha besieges Adherbal, who surrenders and is put to death. Italian merchants in Numidia massacred. Rome declares war on Jugurtha.
111
Jugurtha surrenders but keeps his crown. Visits Rome, where he has a Numidian opponent murdered.
110
War with Jugurtha resumes.
109
Metellus campaigns against Jugurtha.
107
Marius, elected consul, replaces Metellus.
106
Marius advances into western Numidia.
Bocchus, king of Mauretania, surrenders Jugurtha to Sulla.
105
Cimbri and Teutones defeat two Roman armies at Arausio, near the river Rhone.
104
Marius, Consul II, reorganizes Roman army equipment and tactics.
Jugurtha starved to death after appearing in Marius’s triumph.
Second Sicilian slave war.
103
Marius, Consul III, trains army in Gaul.
Saturninus elected tribune, works in partnership with Marius.
