“It is here; we cannot evade it” All Andrew Carnegie quotations come from “Wealth,” North American Review 148:391 (June 1889).

“We have no paupers” Thomas Jefferson, letter to Dr. Thomas Cooper, September 10, 1814. http://www.yamaguchy.com/library/jefferson/c ooper.html.

“nothing struck me more” Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Penguin Classics, 2003), p. 11.

Data painstakingly assembled by economic historians Peter Lindert and Jeffrey Williamson. “American Incomes Before and After the Revolution” (NBER Working Paper No. 17211, July 2011).

“In America nearly every man” Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner, “Author’s Preface to the London Edition,” The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today (Chatto & Windus, 1897).

In 1980, the average U.S. CEO “CEO Pay and the 99%,” AFL-CIO Executive PayWatch report, April 19, 2012.

Milanovic, the World Bank economist Branko Milanovic, “Global Inequality: From Class to Location, from Proletarians to Migrants” (World Bank Development Research Group Policy Research Working Paper 5820, September 2011).

“Britain’s classic industrial revolution” Chrystia Freeland, “The Rise of the New Global Elite,” The Atlantic, January/February 2011.

“The rate of technological change” CF interview with Joel Mokyr, August 19, 2010.

“The Treaty of Detroit” to the “Washington Consensus” Frank Levy and Peter Temin, “Inequality and Institutions in 20th-Century America,” MIT Economics Department Working Paper No. 07-17, June 2007.

“The bottom line: we may not be able” Conversation with author at Yale conference on the budget and inequality, April 30, 2012.

“It is structurally much more extreme” Chrystia Freeland, “Some See Two New Gilded Ages, Raising Global Tensions,” International Herald Tribune, January 23, 2012.

“We are seeing much more rapid growth in developing countries” Ibid.

A survey of nearly ten thousand Michael E. Porter and Jan W. Rivkin, “Prosperity at Risk: Findings of Harvard Business School’s Survey on U.S. Competitiveness,” Harvard Business School, January 2012.

“When a company is stressed and has issues” CF interview with Michael Porter, January 17, 2012.

“Although the overall pie is getting bigger” CF interview with John Van Reenen, January 13, 2012.

“Conservatively, it explains one-quarter” David Autor, David Dorn, and Gordon Hanson,“The China Syndrome: Local Labor Market Effects of Import Competition in the United States,” MIT working paper, May 2012.

“lousy and lovely” jobs Maarten Goos and Alan Manning, “Lousy and Lovely Jobs: The Rising Polarization of Work in Britain,” Review of Economics and Statistics 89:1 (February 2007).

A recent investigation of the direct employment impact of the iPod Greg Linden, Jason Dedrick, and Kenneth L. Kraemer, “Innovation and Job Creation in a Global Economy: The Case of Apple’s iPod,” Journal of International Commerce and Economics 3:1 (May 2011).

Even though the devices are made in China Greg Linden, Jason Dedrick, and Kenneth L. Kraemer, “Who Captures Value in a Global Innovation System? The Case of Apple’s iPod,” Communications of the ACM 52:3 (2007).

Consider, for example, the argument Caterpillar See James R. Hagerty and Kate Linebaugh, “In U.S., a Cheaper Labor Pool,” Wall Street Journal, January 6, 2012.

“Under the law of competition” Carnegie, “The Gospel of Wealth.”

“The economic theory is very clear” CF interview with Joe Stiglitz, January 26, 2012.

“Well, first off, as a citizen of the world” CF interview with Steve Miller, January 26, 2012.

“These things have been going on for a couple of decades” Freeland, “Some See Two New Gilded Ages.”

“India’s gilded age is going to be a combination” CF interview with Ashutosh Varshney, November 13, 2011.

The two gilded ages can also get in each other’s waySee Mark Landler, “Chinese Savings Helped Inflate American Bubble,” New York Times, December 25, 2008.

“In the long run, we are in good shape” CF interview with John Van Reenen, January 13, 2012.

“This is an exciting story” Jim O’Neill, The Growth Map: Economic Opportunity in the BRICs and Beyond (Penguin, 2011), pp. 251–52.

“Wealth will be created but also spent” Reader feedback on “The Second Economy,” McKinsey Quarterly Facebook post, November 1, 2011. http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150536805679908.

“I only hope you are right” Ibid.

Until a few years ago, the reigning theory Richard A. Easterlin, “Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot? Some Empirical Evidence,” in Nations and Households in Economic Growth: Essays in Honor of Moses Abramowitz, eds. Paul A. David and Melvin W. Reder (Academic Press, 1974).

“Surprisingly, at any given level of income” Angus Deaton, “Income, Health, and Well- Being Around the World: Evidence from the Gallup World Poll,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 22:2 (Spring 2008).

Two separate studies of China See John Knight and Ramani Gunatilaka, “Great Expectations? The Subjective Well-Being of Rural-Urban Migrants in China,” Oxford University Economics Department Working Paper 332, April 2007; and Martin K. Whyte and Chunping Han, “Distributive Justice Issues and the Prospects for Unrest in China,” paper prepared for conference on “Reassessing Unrest in China,” Washington, D.C, December 11–12, 2003.

Betsey Stevenson and Justin Wolfers have found Betsey Stevenson and Justin Wolfers, “Economic Growth and Subjective Well-Being: Reassessing the Easterlin Paradox” (Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Spring 2008).

I caught a glimpse of it at a World Bank panel “Global Development Debate: Jobs and Opportunities for All,” World Bank Institute conference, Washington, D.C., September 22, 2011.

“If you join the union” Ariel Levy. “Drug Test: Can One Self-Made Woman Reform Health Care for India, and the World?,” The New Yorker, January 2, 2012.

Families in the top 0.01 percent Saez’s complete data set available at http://elsa.berkeley.edu/~saez/TabFig2010.xls.

“A recent academic study of the Forbes list” Wojciech Kopczuk and Emmanuel Saez, “Top Wealth Shares in the United States, 1916–2000: Evidence from Estate Tax Returns,” National Tax Journal, vol. 57, no. 2, part 2, June 2004, 482.

“Although comparable data on the past are sparse” “Global Wealth Report 2011,” Credit Suisse Research Institute, October 2011.

93 percent of the gains Saez, “Striking It Richer.”

“Probably if you had looked at the situation” CF interview with Emmanuel Saez, February 24, 2011.

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