Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption

12

Ephrata: Sam Britt, Jr.,

The Long Rangers, A Diary of the 307th Bombardment Group

(Baton Rouge: Reprint Company, 1990), pp. 4–5.

13

Phillips: Karen Loomis, telephone interview, November 17, 2004; Monroe Bormann, telephone interview, June 7, 2005; Phoebe Bormann, telephone interview, June 7, 2005; Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Jesse Stay, telephone interviews, July 23, 2004, and March 16, 2005; Kelsey Phillips, “A Life Story,” unpublished memoir.

14

Sandblaster: Jesse Stay, telephone interviews, July 23, 2004, and March 16, 2005.

15

Cecy Perry: Karen Loomis, telephone interview, November 17, 2004; Monroe Bormann, telephone interview, June 7, 2005; Phoebe Bormann, telephone interview, June 7, 2005; letters from Russell Phillips to Cecy Perry, 1941–43.

16

Cecy’s ring: Russell Allen Phillips, letters to Cecy Perry, March 11, 21, 1942.

17

“I’ve wished 100 times”: Russell Allen Phillips, letter to Cecy Phillips, summer 1942.

18

Phil’s bomber crew: Stanley Pillsbury, telephone interviews, August 25, 2004, March 9, 2005, and August 18, 2006; Charles McMurtry, “Liberator, Hit 594 Times, Wings Home Safely,”

Richmond News Leader

, May 14, 1943.

19

Harry Brooks’s fiancee: “Sergt. H. V. Brooks Served in Pacific,” undated article from Phillips scrapbook, NPN.

20

B-24s: Charlie Tilghman, B-24 pilot, Commemorative Air Force, telephone interview, February 14, 2007; Consolidated Aircraft,

Flight Manual: B-24D Airplane (1942), Flight Manual for B-24 Liberator

, Aircraft Manual Series (Appleton, Wisc.: Aviation Publications, 1977); Martin Bowman,

Combat Legend: B-24 Liberator

(Shrewsbury, Eng.: Airlife, 2003); Frederick A. Johnsen,

B-24 Liberator, Rugged but Right

(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999); Fiske Hanley II, telephone interview, July 30, 2004; Byron Kinney, email interview, April 26, 2007.

21

“it was like sitting”: Byron Kinney, email interview, April 26, 2007.

22

Left arms stronger: Stephen E. Ambrose,

The Wild Blue: The Men and Boys Who Flew the B-24s over Germany

(New York: Simon and Schuster, 2001), p. 77.

23

Tails falling off: Johnsen, p. 28.

24

“It’s the Flying Coffin”: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

25

Training: Stanley Pillsbury, telephone interviews, August 25, 2004, March 9, 2005, and August 18, 2006.

26

“I grew a little”: Russell Allen Phillips, letter to Cecy Perry, August or September 1942.

27

“I guess you read”: E. C. Williams, letter to Louis Zamperini, July 1, 1941.

28

Stateside crash statistics: