Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption

Liken to paws: Draggan Mihailovich, email interview, August 3, 2007.

6

Louie meeting Watanabe: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

7

This man:

Frank Tinker, telephone interview, February 20, 2005.

8

Building fire: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

9

Watanabe’s history: Martindale, pp. 92–93; Wade, pp. 103–04; Yuichi Hatto, written interview, August 28, 2004; James, p. 278; Mutsuhiro Watanabe (Sgt.), vols. 1–3, 1945–1952, POW 201 File 1945–1947, SCAP, Legal Section, Administrative Division, RAOOH, RG 331, NACP; “From Chief of Hyogo Prefectural Police Force,” November 21, 1950, report, from papers of Frank Tinker.

10

Japanese sign but don’t ratify Geneva Convention: Tanaka, p. 73.

11

Slavery: Martindale, p. 90; Wade, pp. 97–99, 129; Bush, pp. 152–53; Johan Arthur Johansen,

Krigsseileren

, issue 3, 1990, translated from Norwegian by Nina B. Smith.

12

Lifting thirty tons a day: Wade, p. 99.

13

Men paid ten yen per month: Martindale, p. 111.

14

Those who don’t work receive half rations: Bush, p. 160.

15

Food at Omori: Martindale, p. 120; Bush, p. 159.

16

Nicknames: Ernest O. Norquist,

Our Paradise: A GI’s War Diary

(Hancock, Wisc.: Pearl-Win, 1989), p. 293; Bush, p. 205.

17

Watanabe’s first days: Wade, pp. 103–05; Tom Wade, telephone interview, January 2, 2005; Bush, pp. 176– 79.

18

Hatto thinks Watanabe mad: Yuichi Hatto, written interview, August 28, 2004.

19

“He suddenly saw”: Tom Wade, telephone interview, September 17, 2005.

20

“He did enjoy hurting”: Yuichi Hatto, written interview, August 28, 2004.

21

Watanabe’s behavior: Mutsuhiro Watanabe (Sgt.), vol. 1, 1945–1952, POW 201 File 1945–1947, SCAP, Legal Section, Administrative Division, RAOOH, RG 331, NACP; Martindale, pp. 95–110, 130, 144–55; Robert Martindale, telephone interview, January 2, 2005; Norquist, pp. 277–79, 283–84; Wade, pp. 103–08; Weinstein, pp. 228–33, 247, 256; Derek (Nobby) Clarke,

No Cook’s Tour

(Hereford, Eng.: Authors OnLine, 2005), pp. 114–16; Donald Knox,

Death March: The Survivors of Bataan

(San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1983), p. 377; James, pp. 277–83.

22

Watanabe’s fame: James, p. 278; Affidavit, Arthur Laurence Maher, from files on Mutsuhiro Watanabe (Sgt.), vol. 1, 1945–1952, POW 201 File 1945–1947, SCAP, Legal Section, Administrative Division, RAOOH, RG 331, NACP.

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