Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption

“punishment camp”: Martindale, pp. 104–05.

24

“the most vicious guard”: Affidavit, Arthur Laurence Maher, from files on Mutsuhiro Watanabe (Sgt.), vol. 1, 1945–1952, POW 201 File 1945–1947, SCAP, Legal Section, Administrative Division, RAOOH, RG 331, NACP.

25

“He was absolutely”: Knox, p. 379.

26

Beating POW, then becoming placid: Weinstein, p. 230.

27

Forcing men to be his friends: Martindale, pp. 149–50; Clarke, p. 116; Robert Martindale, telephone interview, January 2, 2005.

28

Watanabe despised by guards: Bush, p. 200; Yuichi Hatto, written interview, August 28, 2004.

29

“tense, sitting-on-the-edge-of-a-volcano”: Clarke, p. 116.

Chapter 24: Hunted

1

Louie enters main body of Omori: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

2

Lessons on avoiding the Bird: Norquist, pp. 278–79; Wade, p. 124; Bush, p. 187; Weinstein, pp. 228–33; Clarke, pp. 114–16; J. Watt Hinson, email interview, July 26, 2004.

3

The Bird’s office: Martindale, p. 78.

4

Louie not registered with Red Cross: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

5

Attacked every day: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

6

“number one prisoner”: CBS Television, “48 Hours: Race to Freedom,” 1998.

7

“After the first few days in camp”: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

8

The Bird forces officers to work: Clarke, p. 114; Martindale, p. 97; Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Weinstein, p. 249.

9

Cleaning

benjos:

Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Martindale, pp. 99–100; Lewis Bush, p. 186; Clarke, p. 114.

10

“The motto”: Martindale, p. 100.

11

Sabotage, stealing: John Fitzgerald, POW diary, Papers of John A. Fitzgerald, Operational Archives Branch, NHC, Washington, D.C.; “42nd Bombardment Squadron: Addendum to Squadron History,” September 11, 1945, AFHRA, Maxwell AFB, Ala.; Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Milton McMullen, telephone interview, February 16, 2005; Martindale, pp. 127–28, 156–72; Wade, pp. 97–99, 129; Bush, p. 161; Johan Arthur Johansen, email interview, March 26, 2005; Weinstein, pp. 243–45; Gloria Ross, “A Singular Man,”

Airman

, January 1982; Tom Wade, telephone interview, January 2, 2005.

12

“University of Thievery”: Martindale, pp. 168–69.

13

Stealing ingredients for cake: Ibid., p. 128.