Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption

17

beriberi in civilians: Wade, p. 158.

18

men stop stealing: Ken Marvin, telephone interview, January 21, 2005.

19

Women with sharpened sticks, children with wooden guns: Milton McMullen, telephone interview, February 16, 2005.

20

Batu Lintang: Ooi Keat Gin, ed.,

Japanese Empire in the Tropics: Selected Documents and Reports of the Japanese Period in Sarawak, Northwest Borneo, 1941–1945

(Athens: Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1998), vol. 2, pp. 612, 648.

21

Written death orders in camp offices: Ibid., p. 648.

22

Omori POWs told of death plan: Martindale, p. 223; Robert Martindale, telephone interview, January 2, 2005; Affidavit, Arthur Laurence Maher, from files on Mutsuhiro Watanabe (Sgt.), vol. 1, 1945–1952, POW 201 File 1945– 1947, SCAP, Legal Section, Administrative Division, RAOOH, RG 331, NACP.

23

Preparations for killing: Ken Marvin, telephone interview, January 31, 2005; Wade, p. 167; Daws, pp. 324–25; Tom Wade, telephone interview, January 2, 2005.

24

Rokuroshi: George Steiger, “Captain George Steiger: A POW Diary,”

http://www.fsteiger.com/gsteipow.html

(accessed October 2, 2009); K. C. Emerson,

Guest of the Emperor

(Sanibel Island: 1977), pp. 77–79; Donald T. Giles, Jr., ed.,

Captive of the Rising Sun: The POW Memoirs of Rear Admiral Donald T. Giles

(Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1994), pp. 146–54.

25

This is the place:

Giles, p. 154.

26

Naoetsu POWs to be taken into the mountains: Wade, p. 166; Wall, p. 300.

27

Civilian gives death date: John Cook, “Japan: C Force,” unpublished memoir.

Chapter 30: The Boiling City

1

B-29s coming over every night: Wall, p. 300.

2

The Bird tormenting men after raids: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Louis Zamperini, 1946 notes on captive experience.

3

Face slapping: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Louis Zamperini, 1946 notes on captive experience.

4

Louie clubbed on ankle: Louis Zamperini, letter to Edwin Wilber, May 1946.

5

Port closed, shipping hit: Wall, p. 300; “Jap Shipping, Planes Hard Hit in July,”

Walla Walla Union-Bulletin

, August 1, 1945.

6