Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption

Press-Tribune

archives.

13

Kinney’s flyover: Byron Kinney, telephone interview, April 23, 2007; Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Byron Kinney,

A Mission of Mercy Touches Two Lives

(Chicago: United Letter Service, 1995).

14

Harris taken to surrender ceremony: Whitcomb, p. 285.

15

Some 132,000 Allied POWs: Tanaka, p. 70; Brian MacArthur,

Surviving the Sword: Prisoners of the Japanese in the Far East, 1942–45

(New York: Random House, 2005), p. xxvi.

16

Nearly 36,000 Allied POWs die: Tanaka, p. 70.

17

More than 37 percent versus 1 percent: Charles A. Stenger, PhD, telephone interview with author, October 17, 2009; Charles A. Stenger, PhD,

American Prisoners of War in World War I, World War II, Korea, and Vietnam: Statistical Data

, Veterans Administration Central Office, June 30, 1979, p. 20.

18

More than 215,000 other POWs: Tanaka, p. 2.

19

Death marches: Kerr,

Surrender

, p. 60.

20

Burma-Siam Railway: Children of Far East Prisoners of War, “SE Asia Under Japanese Occupation,”

http://www.cofepow.org.uk/pages/asia_thailand1.html

(accessed March 18, 2010).

21

Medical experiments: Tanaka, pp. 135–65; Gary K. Reynolds,

U.S. Prisoners of War and Civilian American Citizens Captured and Interned by Japan in World War II: The Issue of Compensation by Japan

, Congressional Research Service, December 17, 2002, pp. 17–19.

22

Cannibalism: James, p. 259; Tanaka, pp. 111–34; “Claim Japs Practiced Cannibalism,”

Hammond Times

, September 16, 1945; “Jap Soldiers Eat Flesh of U.S. Prisoners, Australia Discloses,”

Abilene Reporter-News

, September 10, 1945.

23

Sandakan: Tanaka, pp. 11–43.

24

Tinian massacre: Eric Lash, “Historic Island of Tinian,”

Environmental Services

, October 2008, vol. 1, 2nd edition; Major General Donald Cook, “20th Air Force Today,”

20th Air Force Association Newsletter

, Fall 1998.

25