Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England

11. Thurley, Royal Palaces, p. 67.

12. Kisby, ‘The Royal Household Chapel’, p. 319; CPR 1495– 1509, p. 343; Select Cases in the Council of Henry VII, p. 37; Cunningham, Henry VII, p. 178; Samman, ‘The Progresses of Henry VIII’, pp. 59–74.

13. LP RIII/HVII, II, pp. 112–23.

14. CSPS, no. 396; LP RIII/HVII, II, pp. 112–23; Clough, ‘The relations between the English and Urbino Courts’, p. 213; Vergil, Anglica Historia, pp. 140–41.

15. Thurley, Royal Palaces, p. 130; CSPS, nos. 397, 398.

16. CSPS, no. 398.

17. Orme, ‘The Education of Edward V’, p. 182; BL Sloane MS 3479, ff. 53v–58; Ross, Edward IV, p. 14.

18. A Fifteenth Century School Book, pp. 13–14; see also Orme, From Childhood to Chivalry, pp. 32–4.

19. N. Orme, ‘Holt, John (d. 1504)’, ODNB; Carlson, English Humanist Books, pp. 271–8; Penn, ‘Literary Service’, pp. 77–9; STC 13604.

20. Orme, From Childhood to Chivalry, pp. 24, 155.

21. Penn, ‘Literary Service’, pp. 37–9; Fleming, ‘The Hautes and their Circle’, p. 93.

22. TNA E 101/414/6, ff. 62, 81; Backhouse, ‘Founders of the Royal Library’, pp. 36–7, n. 55; Penn, ‘Literary Service’, pp. 128–31.

23. TNA LC 2/1, f. 73v; BL Add. MS 59899, ff. 48, 68v and passim; TNA E 36/214, f. 4 and passim; Carlson, ‘Royal Tutors’, pp. 273–4.

24. Household of Edward IV, pp. 120–21, 127; Collection of Ordinances, p. 166.

25. Hawes, Minor Poems, pp. 1–71, at pp. 52, 70.

26. TNA LC 2/1, f. 73v.

27. Orme, From Childhood to Chivalry, pp. 28–32; Anglo, The Martial Arts of Renaissance Europe, p. 231.

28. Jones and Underwood, The King’s Mother, p. 191; The English Works of John Fisher, p. 308; SJC D91.20, p. 21.

29. Arthurson, ‘The King’s Voyage into Scotland’, pp. 8–9; A. Ailes, ‘Machado, Roger [Ruy] (d. 1510)’, ODNB.

30. Wagner, Heralds and Heraldry, pp. 84–6.

31. A. Ailes, ‘Writhe, John (d. 1504)’, ODNB; R. Yorke, ‘Wriothesley (formerly Writhe), Sir Thomas (d. 1534)’, ODNB; I am indebted to Adrian Ailes’ observations on Machado, Writhe and Wriothesley. Register of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, I, p. 367; Wagner, Heralds and Heraldry, p. 84.

32. TNA LC 9/50, ff. 230-1.

33. GC, pp. 328–9, 331; Register of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, I, pp. 558, 562; Young, ‘A Calendar of Tudor and Jacobean Tournaments’, in Young, Tudor and Jacobean Tournaments, p. 197; BL Add. MS 21480, f. 21; BL Add. MS 59899, f. 94v.

34. LP HVIII, IV (iii), 5774 (9); Jones and Underwood, The King’s Mother, pp. 165–6; BL Add. MS 59899, ff. 63v, 64; BL Cotton MS Titus A XIII, ff. 186, 189–190v; Gunn, ‘Chivalry’, pp. 116–17; SJC D91.20, p. 162.

8. NULL AND VOID

1. CSPS, nos. 401, 405, 420.

2. Kelly, Matrimonial Trials, p. 72; Memorials, pp. 416– 17; Starkey, Six Wives, pp. 221–5.

3. Penn, ‘Literary Service’, p. 23. CSPS, nos. 412, 413.

4. Aram, Juana the Mad, p. 76.

5. CSPS, no. 409.

6. CSPS, nos. 401, 420; BL Add. MS 59899, f. 85v.

7. CSPS, nos. 419, 436.

8. Gunn, ‘Courtiers of Henry VII’, p. 41; Memorials, pp. 101, 223–39; CSPS, no. 437.

9. Hepburn, ‘The 1505 Portrait of Henry VII’, pp. 222–57.

10. CPR 1495–1509, p. 427; TNA E 36/214, f. 16; BL Lansdowne MS 127, f. 52v; Cunningham, ‘Loyalty and the Usurper’, p. 466 n. 25; Gunn, ‘Structures of Politics’, p. 72 n. 58.

11. TNA E 36/214, f. 16.

12. LP RIII/HVII, II, p. 112.

13. Bratchel, ‘Alien Merchant Communities’, pp. 196–7. For della Fava payments, see BL Add. MS 59899, ff. 4, 27v, 44, 49, 55v, 57v, 60, 61v, 62v, 63v, 64v, 69, 71, 77v; TNA E 36/214, ff. 11v, 15, 34v, 51v, 58v, 66, 92, 92v, 107, 119, 119v, 125v, 144, 146, 151, 158v.

14. CSPS, no. 429; Wroe, Perkin Warbeck, p. 382; Arthurson, ‘Espionage and Intelligence’, pp. 146–9.

15. Chrimes, Henry VII, p. 234; Foedera, XIII, p. 105; CSPV, no. 846.

16. Wolffe, ‘Land Revenues’, pp. 217, 223; Grummitt, ‘Henry VII, Chamber Finance and the ‘ “New Monarchy” ’, p. 237.

17. CSPV, nos. 846, 853; BL Add. MS 59899, f. 85; Arthurson, ‘Espionage and Intelligence’, pp. 140–41; Horowitz, ‘Henry Tudor’s Treasure’, pp. 560, 564 n. 13.

18. TNA E 101/413/2/3, p. 237.

19. De Roover, The Rise and Decline of the Medici Bank, p. 153.

20. De Roover, The Rise and Decline of the Medici Bank, pp. 152–64.

21. Finot, ‘Le commerce de l’alun dans les pays-bas’, pp. 422–3.

22. Singer, The Earliest Chemical Industry, p. 159.

23. CSPV, no. 509; Materials, I, pp. 299–300. Thanks to Samantha Harper for bringing this case to my attention. See also TNA E 114 (unsorted box) for more royal activities concerning alum.

24. BL Add. MS 59899, f. 64.

25. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571, III, pp. 239, 324.

26. Finot, ‘Le commerce d’alun dans les pays-bas’, pp. 424–5.

27. Orme, From Childhood to Chivalry, pp. 7, 36–8; Knecht, Rise and Fall of Renaissance France, pp. 53–4.

28. CSPS, no. 435; Kelly, Matrimonial Trials, pp. 126– 7.

29. CSPS, nos. 404, 438.

30. CSPS, no. 439. Frederick Hepburn argues persuasively against Sittow’s personal authorship of Henry’s 1505 portrait: Hepburn, ‘The 1505 portrait of Henry VII’, pp. 248–9.

31. CSPS, no. 439; CSPV, no. 850.

32. CSPS, no. 439.

33. CSPS, no. 539; CSPV no. 860.

34. BL Add. MS 59899, ff. 96v–99, 101; CSPS, no. 439; CSPV, nos. 850, 858.

35. Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies, I, pp. 131–4.

36. CSPS, nos. 410, 411; Starkey, Six Wives, pp. 94–