19. Orme, From Childhood to Chivalry, p. 23.
20. Gunn, ‘Prince Arthur’s Preparation for Kingship’, p. 7.
21. Orme, ‘The Education of Edward V’; Gunn, ‘Henry VII in Context’, pp. 312–13; Emden, Biographical Register, III, 1555.
22. Caxton, Prologues, no. xxxii, p. 109.
23. Orme, From Childhood to Chivalry, pp. 68, 144–5.
24. MacCulloch, Reformation, p. 79.
25. Salter, ‘Skelton’s Speculum Principis’, pp. 25–37.
26. Nelson, John Skelton, pp. 75–6; ‘The Latin Writings of John Skelton’, VIII.
27. Skelton, Complete English Poems, p. 61.
28. Household of Edward IV, p. 126; Chartier, Curial, pp. 1–2.
29. CWE, 1, ep. 118.
30. Jones and Underwood, The King’s Mother, pp. 142, 144, 245.
31. CWE, 1, ep. 118; MacCulloch, Reformation, pp. 76– 7.
32. CWE, 1, ep. 118; Maddison, Pelling and Webster, Linacre Studies, pp. xvii, xix, 20; CWM, 12, p. 121.
33. Correspondence of Thomas More, pp. 7, 9; Ackroyd, Thomas More, p. 81.
34. CWE, 1, ep. 118.
35. CWE, 1, ep. 104.
36. CWE, 1, ep. 108.
37. CWE, 1, eps. 106–11.
38. N. Orme, ‘Holt, John (d. 1504)’, ODNB.
39. CWM, 1, pp. xxi–xxiv.
40. CWM, 1, pp. xxi–xxiv; HKW, III, pp. 210–11.
41. For Henry’s illnesses see CSPV, nos. 520, 939–41; CSPS, no. 511; The Reign of Henry VII, III, pp. 187–9; LP RIII/HVII, I, p. 238.
42. SJC D91.20, pp. 83–5.
43. TNA E 101/415/7, nos. 129, 135, 139, 140, 251–2.
44. The Reign of Henry VII, III, pp. 75–8.
45. CSPS, no. 360.
46. Kelly, Matrimonial Trials, p. 70 n. 23.
47. Starkey, Six Wives, pp. 70–71, 88; Mattingly, Catherine of Aragon, pp. 52–3; BL Add. MS 59899, f. 18; CSPS, no. 364.
48. CSPS, no. 364; LPHVIII, IV (iii), 5774/3.
49. Machiavelli, The Prince, p. 61.
50. Davies, ‘Bishop John Morton’, p. 22; Cunningham, Henry VII, pp. 226–7.
51. CSPV, nos. 538, 542; Underwood, ‘The Pope, The Queen and the King’s Mother’, p. 67; Chambers, Popes, Cardinals and War, p. 76; Hall, Chronicle, p. 448; Burchard, At the Court of the Borgia, p. 150.
52. Wilkie, The Cardinal Protectors of England, pp. 28–34; Mallett, The Borgias, pp. 233-42; Brady, Anglo-Roman Papers, pp. 14–15, cited in Underwood, ‘The Pope, The Queen and the King’s Mother’, pp. 75–6.
53. Burchard, At the Court of the Borgia, pp. 219–26.
54. Chambers, Popes, Cardinals and War, pp. 75–6.
55. Chrimes, Henry VII, p. 286.
56. CSPS, nos. 370, 372, 375, 380.
5. NO SURE WAY
1. GC, p. 325; BL Add. MS 21480, f. 101v.
2. All references are to the transcript provided in Leadam, ‘An Unknown Conspiracy’, pp. 152–8; Gairdner, ‘A Supposed Conspiracy’, pp. 157–94.
3. Cunningham, Henry VII, pp. 209–21.
4. Leadam, ‘An Unknown Conspiracy’, pp. 152–8.
5. Duffy, Stripping of the Altars, pp. 136–9.
6. Leadam, ‘An Unknown Conspiracy’, pp. 152–8.
7. BL, Add. MS 21480, f. 101v; Cunningham, ‘The Establishment of the Tudor Regime’, pp. 277–8, 300.
8. Hammond, Barnet and Tewkesbury, pp. 43–5; Harvey, Jack Cade’s Rebellion, pp. 80–101; Cunningham, ‘The Establishment of the Tudor Regime’, pp. 230–97; Cunningham, Henry VII, pp. 174–80.
9. I am grateful to Sean Cunningham for his perceptive thoughts on Henry’s attitude to the young Lord Bergavenny.
10. Horrox, ‘Service’, pp. 66–8.
11. Cunningham, ‘The Establishment of the Tudor Regime’, pp. 288, 290, 292–3.
12. Ross, ‘Sedition and the King “Beyond the See” ’.
13. R. W. Hoyle, ‘Percy, Henry Algernon, fifth earl of Northumberland (1478–1527)’, ODNB; C. S. L. Davies, ‘Stafford, Edward, third duke of Buckingham (1478–1521)’, ODNB.
14. Hicks, ‘Dynastic Change and Northern Society’, pp. 78–80.
15. James, ‘A Tudor Magnate’, pp. 71–5.
16. Dudley, Tree of Commonwealth, p. 57.
17. Rawcliffe, The Staffords, pp. 1, 36–7.
18. Harris, Edward Stafford, p. 43.
19. Hayward, Rich Apparel, pp. 171–2, 184.
20. Rawcliffe, The Staffords, pp. 35–6, 93, 138; Horrox, Richard III, pp. 84–5, 134; LP HVIII, III, (i), p. cxxx.
21. Hoyle, ‘The Earl, the Archbishop and the Council’, pp. 240–41; Condon, ‘Ruling Elites’, pp. 117–18.
22. Leland, Collectanea, IV, pp. 271–2.
23. TNA STAC 2/24/79, quoted in Hoyle, ‘The Earl, the Archbishop and the Council’, p. 242 n. 13; James, ‘A Tudor Magnate’, pp. 18–19.
24. S. J. Gunn, ‘Thomas Savage, archbishop of York’, ODNB; Gunn, ‘Courtiers of Henry VII’, p. 43; Cameron, ‘The Giving of Livery’, pp. 21–22; Hoyle, ‘The Earl, the Archbishop and the Council’, pp. 242–5 n. 15; James, ‘A Tudor Magnate’, p. 49.
25. Hoyle, ‘The Earl, the Archbishop and the Council’, pp. 246–52.
26. Select Cases in the Council of Henry VII, pp. 41–4.
27. Lander, ‘Bonds, Coercion and Fear’, p. 283; Hoyle, ‘The Earl, the Archbishop and the Council’, pp. 254– 6.
28. Grummitt, ‘Calais 1485–1547’, p. 148.
29. CCR 1500–1509, no. 226; Lander, ‘Bonds, Coercion and Fear’, p. 284.
30. TNA SC 1/58/57-8, printed in LP RIII/HVII, I, pp. 231–40; Grummitt, ‘ “For the Surety of the Towne and the Marches” ’, pp. 198–200.
31. LP RIII/HVII, I, pp. 231–2.
32. Luckett, ‘Crown Patronage and Political Morality’, pp. 579–81.
33. Horrox, Richard III, p. 171 n. 119; S. Cunningham, ‘Sir Richard Guildford’,
