Spies and Commissars

ref 1, ref 2; and Trotsky, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Nuorteva, Santeri: and American subcommittee on Russian propaganda, ref 1; and Bullitt, ref 1, ref 2; and Bureau of Information on Soviet Russia, ref 1; and commercial approaches to American firms, ref 1; criticizes Sisson, ref 1; and deportation of ‘Russian Reds’, ref 1; deported from Britain to Estonia, ref 1; and Felix Frankfurter, ref 1; head of Finnish Information Bureau in New York, ref 1; and John Reed, ref 1; and Julius Hammer, ref 1; and police raid on Information Bureau, ref 1, ref 2; support for Bolsheviks in America, ref 1

October Revolution: ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7; aftermath of the fall of the Romanovs, ref 1; the Allies view of, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; and American communists, ref 1; the Brest- Litovsk treaty, ref 1, ref 2; and the Provisional Government, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; and the Provisional Government: overthrown, ref 1

Odessa, Ukraine: British Foreign Office and, ref 1; French troops in, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; French troops leave, ref 1; and Kalamatiano, ref 1

Odier, M., ref 1

O’Grady, James, ref 1

oil industry: exports, ref 1, ref 2; funding for Yudenich, ref 1; and Germany, ref 1; nationalized British assets, ref 1; and Soviet economic recovery, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Okhrana, the, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Old Peter’s Russian Tales, ref 1

Onou, Consul-General, ref 1

Ordjonikidze, Sergo, ref 1

Orlando, Vittorio, ref 1, ref 2; at the Paris Peace Conference, ref 1, ref 2

Orthodox Church, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Oshmyanski, Captain, ref 1

Otten, Yelizaveta, ref 1

Overman, Lee S., ref 1

Pacelli, Eugenio, ref 1; see also Pope Pius XII

Paderewski, Ignacy, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Painleve, Paul, ref 1

Palmer, Alexander Mitchell, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Pankhurst, Emmeline, ref 1

Pares, Professor Bernard, ref 1

Paris, ref 1, ref 2

Paris Peace Conference, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Parvus, Alexander Helphand, ref 1

Pasha, Enver, ref 1

peasants: and agricultural system, ref 1; attack troops of Kolchak, ref 1; and Bolshevism, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; and the Decree on Land, ref 1, ref 2; in Hungary, ref 1, ref 2; in Kandalaksha, ref 1; ‘kulaks’, ref 1; and land of gentry landlords, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; and the New Economic Policy, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; resentment of, ref 1; and sale of grain, ref 1; in slogans of Lenin, ref 1; Soviet leaders and, ref 1; support for Socialist-Revolutionaries, ref 1; and the Supreme Government of North Russia, ref 1; the Tambov peasant revolt, ref 1; in Ukraine, ref 1; in uniform, ref 1, ref 2; in view of Zalkind, ref 1; and the village communes, ref 1; and the Workers’ Opposition, ref 1

Persia, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Petain, Marsall, ref 1

Peter-Paul Fortress, Petrograd, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Peters, Yakov: attitude to violence, ref 1, ref 2; and Cheka, ref 1, ref 2; the Decree on Peace, ref 1; and Lockhart Plot, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; and Naudeau, ref 1; postal communication with UK, ref 1; and Western Bolshevik sympathisers, ref 1

Petit, Georges, ref 1

Petit Parisien (newspaper), ref 1

Petliura, Symon, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Petrograd, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; Battle for (October 1919), ref 1, ref 2

Petrograd Soviet: elected by workers and soldiers, ref 1; and the Military-Revolutionary Committee, ref 1, ref 2; and the Provisional Government, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and the Provisional Government: overthrown, ref 1; in Smolny Institute, ref 1; and socialist ministers, ref 1; and Trotsky, ref 1, ref 2

Petrov, Petr, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Phelan, Edward, ref 1

Philadelphia Public Ledger, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Philips Price, Morgan, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; Labour MP, ref 1

Phillips, William, ref 1

Picton Bagge, John, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Pilsudski, Jozef: defence of Warsaw, ref 1; and Dzerzhinski, ref 1; and the ‘Litbel’ republic, ref 1; need to eliminate Bolshevism, ref 1; and the Politburo, ref 1; strategy to expand territory, ref 1; tells Russian forces to leave Poland, ref 1; and Ukraine, ref 1, ref 2; postscript, ref 1

Pius XII, Pope, ref 1

Plekhanov, Georgi, ref 1, ref 2

‘plenipotentiaries’: Bela Kun, ref 1; Berzin in Switzerland, ref 1, ref 2; at Brest-Litovsk, ref 1; and clandestine activity, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; Litvinov in Britain, ref 1; lose use of diplomatic bags, ref 1; Soviet leaders refer to German ambassador, ref 1; Zalkind, ref 1

Poincare, Georges, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Poland: ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; and the American Relief Administration, ref 1; and Germany, ref 1; nationalism in, ref 1

Politburo (Political Bureau):, ref 1, ref 2; and Central Europe, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and Comintern, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; the Kronstadt mutiny, ref 1, ref 2; and the March Action, ref 1; and the New Economic Policy, ref 1; and Poland, ref 1; and Profintern, ref 1; and rural revolts, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; secret agents of, ref 1, ref 2; and trade with Russia, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; and the Yudenich offensive on Petrograd, ref 1

Poole, DeWitt Clinton: flies Norwegian flag, ref 1; and meeting with Lockhart, ref 1; and Reilly, ref 1, ref 2

Poole, Frederick: and American embassy, ref 1; and British withdrawal, ref 1; and Chicherin and the Germans, ref 1; in command of operation to seize Archangel, ref 1; and expanding operations, ref 1; plan for invasion, ref 1; ultimatum to city, ref 1

Pravda: Bukharin’s resignation from, ref 1; and Chicherin, ref 1; on conditions for working people, ref 1; on German ambassador, ref 1; and Lenin, ref 1; on the Lockhart Plot, ref 1; on possibility of German revolution, ref 1; reports on foreign trade, ref 1, ref 2; reports on Red Army, ref 1; reports on western front, ref 1; reports speech of H. G. Wells, ref 1

Profintern, ref 1

Proletarian Revolution and the Renegade Kautsky, The (Lenin), ref 1

propaganda: and Albert Rhys Williams, ref 1; of Bolsheviks among POWs, ref 1, ref 2; Bolshevik use of, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; Bolshevik use of: Boris Savinkov, ref 1; Bolshevik use of: in Allied countries, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; Bolshevik use of in America, ref 1; Bolshevik use of: in America, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; Bolshevik use of: in elections, ref 1; Bolshevik use of: in Germany, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; Bolshevik use of: to soldiers, ref 1; and Brest-Litovsk talks, ref 1; and British trade talks, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; Bureau of International Revolutionary Propaganda, ref 1; Council for Propaganda and Action in Baku, ref 1; counter-revolutionary in Russia, ref 1; in film, ref 1; and Herbert Hoover, ref 1; and John Reed, ref 1, ref 2; Litvinov refused visa because of, ref 1; Litvinov’s letter to President Wilson, ref 1; Ludwig Martens speech in New York, ref 1; in print, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; in print: John Reed, ref 1; in print: spilled in Germany, ref 1; and Rothstein, ref 1; and Trotsky, ref 1; and Trotsky: among POWs, ref 1; and Trotsky: his instinct for, ref 1

Provisional Government in Russia: allows Trotsky’s release from Halifax, ref 1; blamed by Bolsheviks for