Spies and Commissars

30. George Hill’s answers to Robin Bruce Lockhart’s questionnaire, p. 5: Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), box 11, folder 1.

31. G. A. Hill, Dreaded Hour, pp. 98 and 102–3.

32. ‘Peace with Honour’: Daily Mail, 28 March 1919.

33. The Bullitt Mission to Russia: Testimony before the Committee on Foreign Relations, p. 66.

34. Board meeting, n.d. (early 1919?), p. 8: P. N. Vrangel Collection (HIA), box 28, folder 33.

35. D. S. Foglesong, America’s Secret War against Bolshevism, pp. 69–71.

36. D. R. Francis, Russia from the American Embassy, April 1916–November 1918, pp. 310–11.

37. Ibid., pp. 309–10.

38. H. Hoover, The Ordeal of Woodrow Wilson, pp. 118–19.

39. Ibid., pp. 121–3.

40. ‘Diary of P. V. Vologodsky as Prime Minister of Admiral Kolchak’s Cabinet’, 17 May 1919: Petr Vasil’evich Vologodskii Papers (HIA).

41. W. S. Churchill, The World Crisis, vol. 4: The Aftermath, pp. 179–80.

42. T. T. C. Gregory, ‘Stemming the Red Tide’ (typescript, 1919), p. 70: T. T. C. Gregory Papers (HIA), box 1.

43. Ibid.

44. W. C. Bullitt to President Wilson, 17 May 1919: Robert Lansing Papers (HIA).

45. R. Lansing, diary entry for 19 May 1919: Robert Lansing Papers (HIA); W. C. Bullitt to R. Lansing, 17 May 1919: ibid.

46. H. Hoover, The Ordeal of Woodrow Wilson, pp. 245–52.

19. European Revolution

1. A. Ransome, Russia in 1919, p. 225. The comment was made in March 1919.

2. Ibid., pp. 35–6.

3. A. J. Fardon to Mrs E. Garratt, 5 March 1919: National Archives, KV/2/1903.

4. A. Ransome, Russia in 1919, p. 226.

5. Ibid., p. 227.

6. J. Sadoul, Notes sur la revolution bolchevique, octobre 1917–janvier 1919, p. 450: letter to J. Longuet, 17 January 1918.

7. A. Dunois, unpublished typescript introduction (May 1941) to an edition of Sadoul’s letters, pp. 3–4: Jacques Sadoul Papers (HIA); L. Naudeau, En prison sous la terreur russe, pp. 231.

8. J. Cornwell, Hitler’s Pope: The Secret History of Pius XII, p. 75.

9. R. Levine-Meyer, Levine the Spartacist: The Life and Times of the Socialist Revolutionary Leader of the German Spartacists and Head of the Ill-Starred Munich Republic of 1919, p. 153.

10. T. T. C. Gregory Papers (HIA), box 2: Hungarian Political Dossier, vol. 1: Alonzo Taylor to Herbert Hoover, 26 March 1919.

11. Memorandum by Ferenc Julier, former Commander of the General Staff of the Red Army; it was prepared for the Hoover Library in 1933 and translated into English: Hungarian Subject Collection (HIA), pp. 3–4 and 14.

12. Memorandum by Ferenc Julier, p. 3.

13. H. James (Inter-Allied Danube River Commission), ‘Report on Trip to German-Austria and Czecho- Slovakia’ (n.d.), pp. 1 and 4: Henry James Papers (HIA), folder 1.

14. G. A. Hill, Dreaded Hour, p. 89.

15. H. James, ‘A Solution of the Hungarian Question’ (no date given but some time in 1919 before August): Henry James Papers (HIA), folder 2.

16. Telegrams of 2 February and 19 April 1919: RGASPI, f. 17, op. 109, d. 46, pp. 1–2.

17. T. T. C. Gregory, ‘Beating Back Bolshevism’ (typescript, possibly 1920), p. 6: T. T. C. Gregory Papers (HIA), box 1; A. Taylor to H. C. Hoover, 26 March 1919.

18. Ibid.: Philip Marshall Brown to Archibald Cary Coolidge, 17 April 1919.

19. T. T. C. Gregory to H. C. Hoover, 22 June 1918: T. T. C. Gregory Papers (HIA), box 1.

20. T. T. C. Gregory, ‘Beating Back Bolshevism’ [n.p., n.d.]: ibid.

21. Trotsky’s message to Kh. G. Rakovski, N. I. Podvoiski and V. A. Antonov-Ovseenko, 18 April 1919: RGASPI, f. 325, op. 1, d. 404, p. 86; Lenin’s telegram to S. I. Aralov and J. Vacietis, 21 April 1919, ibid., p. 92; telegram of J. Vacietis and S. I. Aralov to V. A. Antonov-Ovseenko, 23 April 1919, ibid., op. 109, 46, pp. 3–5.

22. Lt Col. W. B. Causey to H. Hoover, 8 August 1919: Gibbes Lykes Papers (HIA), box 1.

23. [James A.?] Logan to the ARA in Paris, 13 August 1919: ibid.

24. Inter-Allied Military Mission (Budapest) to the Supreme Council of the Peace Conference, 19 August 1919: Gibbes Lykes Papers (HIA), box 1.

25. H. Hoover, The Ordeal of Woodrow Wilson, p. 118.

26. See his comments in H. Hoover, Address of Secretary Hoover before the Chamber of Commerce of the United States. Eleventh Annual Meeting. New York, N.Y., May 8 1923, p. 7.

27. H. Hoover, The World Economic Situation: Address of Herbert Hoover before the San Francisco Commercial Club, October 9, 1919, p. 19.

28. T. T. C. Gregory, ‘Stemming the Red Tide’ (n.p., 1919), pp. 66–7.

29. H. Hoover, The Ordeal of Woodrow Wilson, pp. 164–5; J. M. Keynes, The Economic Consequences of the Peace, p. 274.

30. K. Radek, ‘Noyabr’. (Stranichka iz vospominanii)’, Krasnaya nov’, no. 10 (1926), pp. 163–4.

31. Ibid., pp. 164–5 and 168.

32. Ibid., pp. 166–8.

33. Ibid., p. 168.

34. A. Venturi, Rivoluzionari russi in Italia, 1917–1921, pp. 205–7.

20. The Allies and the Whites

1. Telegram to A. V. Kolchak, 26 May 1919: Aleksandr Vasilevich Kolchak Papers (HIA).

2. Aleksandr Vasilevich Kolchak Papers (HIA).

3. A. Marty, La Revolte de la Mer Noire, vol. 2, pp. 114 and 118.

4. Ibid., pp. 140–1.

5. W. Kendall, The Revolutionary Movement in Britain, 1900–1921: The Origins of British Communism, pp. 241–2.

6. C. Kinvig, Churchill’s Crusade: The British Invasion of Russia, 1918–1920, p. xii.

7. Ibid., pp. xviii–xix.

8. Daily Express, 6 September 1919.

9. C. Kinvig, Churchill’s Crusade, p. 192.

10. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Omsk) to Charge d’Affaires, 18 March 1919: P. N. Vrangel Collection (HIA), box 57, folder 1; S. Uget to B. A. Bakhmetev, 24 March 1919: ibid. See also Russian Military Mission in Berlin to Yudenich, 9 September 1919: Nikolai Yudenich Papers (HIA), box 3, folder 25.