P. Reddaway and D. Glinski, The Tragedy of Russia’s Reforms: Market Bolshevism Against Democracy (Washington, DC, 2001)
E. A. Rees, Political Thought from Machiavelli to Stalin: Revolutionary Machiavellism (London, 2004)
E. A. Rees (ed.), Centre–Local Relations in the Stalinist State, 1928–1941 (London, 2002)
E. A. Rees (ed.), Decision-Making in the Stalinist Command Economy, 1932–37 (London, 1997)
E. A. Rees (ed.), The Nature of Stalin’s Dictatorship : The Politburo 1924–1953 (London, 2004)
E. A. Rees, ‘Stalin, the Politburo and Rail Transport Policy’ in J. Cooper et al. (eds), Soviet History, 1917–1953
E. A. Rees, Stalinism and Soviet Rail Transport, 1928–1941 (London, 1995)
E. A. Rees, State Control in Soviet Russia (London, 1987)
T. M. Remington, Politics in Russia (2nd edn: London, 2001)
B. Renz, ‘Putin’s militocracy? An Alternative Interpretation of Siloviki in Contemporary Russian Politics’, Europe-Asia Studies, no. 6 (2006)
J. Reshetar, The Ukrainian Revolution, 1917–1920 (Princeton, NJ, 1952)
R. Richardson, The Long Shadow. Inside Stalin’s Family (London, 1993)
T. H. Rigby, The Changing Soviet System (London, 1990)
T. H. Rigby, Communist Party Membership in the USSR, 1917–1967 (Princeton, NJ, 1968)
T. H. Rigby, ‘Early Provincial Cliques and the Rise of Stalin’, Soviet Studies, no. 1 (1981)
T. H. Rigby, Lenin’s Government. Sovnarkom, 1917–1922 (Cambridge, 1979)
T. H. Rigby, ‘The Origins of the Nomenklatura System’ in his Political Elites in the USSR
T. H. Rigby, Political Elites in the USSR: Central Leaders and Local Cadres from Lenin to Gorbachev (London, 1990)
T. H. Rigby, ‘Was Stalin a Disloyal Patron?’ in his Political Elites in the USSR
G. T. Rittersporn, Simplifications staliniennes et complications sovietiques: tensions socials et conflits en URSS, 1933–1953 (Paris, 1988)
N. Robinson, Ideology and the Collapse of the Soviet System: A Critical History of Soviet Ideological Discourse (Aldershot, 1995)
H. Rogger, National Consciousness in Eighteenth-Century Russia (Cambridge, MA, 1960)
A. Romano, ‘Peasant-Bolshevik. Conflicts Inside the Red Army on the Eve of Dekulakization (1928–1929)’, Forschungen zur osteuropaaischen Geschichte, no. 52 (1996)
W. G. Rosenberg, Liberals in the Russian Revolution: the Constitutional Democratic Party, 1917–1921 (Princeton, NJ, 1974)
J. Rossi, Spravochnik po Gulagu, vols 1–2 (2nd revd edn.: Moscow, 1992)
J. Rossman, Worker Resistance Under Stalin: Class and Revolution on the Shop Floor (Cambridge, MA, 2005)
L. Rotundo, ‘Stalin and the Outbreak of War in 1941’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 24 (1989)
A. Roxburgh, The Second Russian Revolution (London, 1991)
P. Rutland, The Politics of Economic Stagnation in the Soviet Union: The Role of Local Party Organs in Economic Management (Oxford, 1993)
R. Sakwa, Gorbachev and his Reforms, 1985–1990 (London, 1990)
R. Sakwa, Russian Politics and Society (London, 1993)
J. Sanborn, Drafting the Russian Nation: Military Conscription, Total War and Mass Politics, 1905–1925 (DeKalb, IL, 2003)
L. Schapiro, The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (London, 1960)
L. Schapiro, Totalitarianism (London, 1972)
G. Schroder, ‘Soviet consumption in the 1980s: a tale of woe’ in M. Ellman and V. Kontorovich, The Disintegration of the Soviet Economic System
J. C. T. Schull, ‘What is Ideology? Theoretical Problems and Lessons from Soviet-type Societies’, Political Studies, no. 4 (1992)
Ye. S. Senyavskaya, 1941–1945: Frontovoe Pokolenie. Istorikopsikhologicheskoe issledovanie (Moscow, 1995)
R. Service, The Bolshevik Party in Revolution: A Study in Organisational Change (London, 1979)
R. Service, ‘Boris El’cin: continuita e mutamento di un rivoluzionario democratico’, Europa/Europe, no. 2 (1992)
R. Service, ‘Boris Yeltsin: Politics and Rhetoric, 1991–1992’: research paper delivered in St Antony’s College, Oxford, 9 March 1992
R. Service, Comrades. Communism: A World History (London, 2007)
R. Service, ‘From Polyarchy to Hegemony’, Sbornik, no. 10 (1984)
R. Service, ‘Gorbachev’s Reforms: The Future in the Past’, Journal of Communist Studies, no. 3 (September 1987)
R. Service, ‘The Industrial Workers’, in R. Service (ed.), Society and Politics in the Russian Revolution
R. Service, ‘Joseph Stalin: The Making of a Stalinist’, in J. Channon (ed.), Politics, Society and Stalinism in the USSR (London, 1998)
R. Service, Lenin: A Biography (London, 2000)
R. Service, Lenin: A Political Life, vol. 1: The Strengths of Contradictions (London, 1985); vol. 2: Worlds in Collision (London, 1991); vol. 3: The Iron Ring (London, 1995)
R. Service, ‘The Road to the Twentieth Party Congress’, Soviet Studies, no. 2 (1981)
R. Service, Russia: Experiment with a People: From 1991 to the Present (London, 2002)
R. Service (ed.), Society and Politics in the Russian Revolution (London, 1992)
R. Service, Stalin: A Biography (London, 2004)
H. Seton-Watson, The Russian Empire, 1801–1917 (Oxford, 1967)
T. Shanin, The Awkward Class. Political Sociology of Peasantry in a Developing Society: Russia, 1910–1925 (Oxford, 1972)
D. Shearer, ‘Crime and Social Disorder in Stalin’s Russia: A Reassessment of the Great Retreat and the Origins of Mass Repression’, Cahiers du Monde Russe, no. 1/2 (1998)
D. Shearer, Industry, State and Society in Stalin’s Russia, 1926–1934 (Ithaca, NY, 1996)
D. Shearer, ‘Social Disorder, Mass Repression, and the NKVD During the 1930s’, Cahiers du Monde Russe, no. 3/4 (2001)
A. V. Shestakov, Ocherki po sel’skomu khozyaistvu i krest’yanskomu dvizheniyu v gody voiny i pered Oktyabrem 1917g. (Leningrad, 1927)
V. Shevzov, Russian Orthodoxy on the Eve of Revolution (Oxford, 2003)
S. A. Shinkarchuk, Obshchestvennoe mnenie v Sovetskoi Rossii v 30-gody (St Petersburg, 1995)
A. L. Sidorov, Istoricheskie predposylki Velikoi oktyabr’skoi sotsialisticheskoi
