The Penguin History of Modern Russia

Yaroshenko, L.D., 322

Yaroslavski, Emelyan M., 198, 237

Yashin, Lev, 357, 421

Yavlinski, Grigori, 534, 557, 561

Yazov, Marshal Dmitri T., 496, 499, 501–2

Yefimov, Boris, 168

Yegorychev, N.G., 384

Yekaterinburg see Sverdlovsk

Yeltsin, Boris: and Russian identity, 132; appointed to Central Committee Secretariat, 438; background and character, 439, 453, 503–5, 510, 532; Gorbachev promotes, 442; and public opinion, 449; urges faster reforms, 452–3, 488; relations with Gorbachev, 453, 503; resigns from Politburo, 453; endorses Gorbachev at 19th Party Conference, 461–2; elected to Congress of People’s Deputies, 475; sets up formal opposition, 475; wins seat on Supreme Soviet, 475; popularity, 477, 496, 504, 513; and Gorbachev’s remaining in party, 487, 491; elected Chairman of RSFSR Supreme Soviet, 488; dispute with Polozkov, 489, 494; drinking, 489, 513, 530; at 28th Party Congress, 491; supports commission on economic recovery, 492; works with Gorbachev, 494; political reforms in RSFSR (‘de-partization’), 495; and attempted coup against Gorbachev, 498, 500; and storming of Moscow White House (1991), 500–502; supports independence for Baltic states, 503; policies and political administration, 505–6, 513; and break-up of USSR, 507; economic reforms, 509–10, 512–17, 525–6, 532; leadership, 509–11, 513, 522–3, 529; opposition to, 512, 520–24, 531, 532, 538; political appointees, 512–13, 515–16, 522, 529–31; attitude to internal republics, 520–21; resists Russian Supreme Soviet impeachment call, 522–3; constitutional reforms, 523, 527; attacks White House (October 1993), 524–5; and 1993 election results, 528; and ‘the oligarchs’ 532, 538; constitutional powers, 528–9, 531; and international affairs, 535, 536–8; and Chechnya, 533–4, 545–6; health decline, 530, 532; stands and wins in 1996 Presidential election, 530; and the Army, 538; and the media, 538; fundamental reform, attitude to, 529; retires, 546

Yemelyanov, P.M., 300

Yenukidze, Avel S., 201

Yesenin, Sergei, 94–5, 138–9, 366

Yevtushenko, Yevgeni, 364–5

Yezhov, Nikolai, 218, 220, 221, 224–5, 228–9, 231–2, 242, 340

youth movement, 477

Yudenich, General Nikolai, 102, 108, 113, 116–17

Yugoslavia: right-wing dictatorship, 171; in World War II, 258; post- World War II settlement, 271, 307; and war’s end, 271; post-war revolutionary movement, 301–2; and formation of Cominform, 308; resists Soviet domination, 309–10; expelled from Cominform, 310; Khrushchev visits, 337; Khrushchev condemns revisionism in, 362; Shelepin advocates offensive against, 379; condemns Brezhnev Doctrine, 388; criticizes Soviet leadership, 409

Yukos, 550

Yushchenko, Viktor, 556

Yusupov, Prince Felix, 27

Zaikov, Lev, 438

Zamyatin, Yevgeni: We, 139

Zaslavskaya, Tatyana, 431, 440

zemgor, 29–30, 33

zemstva (local representative bodies), 6

Zhdanov, Andrei: and grain procurement, 170; and Party reorganization, 215–16; proposes democratization of local party organizations, 220; supports Stalin, 241; disputes over post-World War II policies, 302, 303, 379; and Cominform, 308; views on sciences and arts, 318–19

Zheleznyakov, Anatoli G., 75

Zhemchuzhina, Polina (Molotov’s wife), 316, 325

Zhirinovski, Vladimir, 520, 522, 527–8, 532, 533, 559

Zhivkov, Todor, 464, 483

Zhukov, Georgi: honourable behaviour in Great Terror, 223; uses tanks in Far East, 255; warns of German invasion, 260; in World War II, 265, 267; and taking of Berlin, 272; in plot against Beria, 333; heads Ministry of Defence, 337; appointed to Presidium, 344; supports Khrushchev, 344; dismissed by Khrushchev, 346, 372

Zinoviev, Grigori: in hiding in Finland, 50; opposes Lenin’s plan to seize power, 60; relations with Lenin, 72; scepticism over Bolsheviks’ continuing support, 81; Jewishness, 85, 201; biography of Lenin, 93; administrative agreement with colleagues, 110; encourages German communism, 126; on writers, 138; power in Politburo, 151; Lenin criticizes, 152; disagreements with Lenin, 153; and succession to Lenin, 154–5, 157–8; attacks Trotski, 156; and NEP, 158, 160; and Western powers, 158; Trotski criticizes, 159; in United Opposition, 160–61, 164; suppressed, 161; expelled from Party and readmitted, 162, 188; tried and sentenced, 215–16; shot, 218

Zionism, 317

Zoshchenko, Mikhail, 248, 319

Zubatov, Sergei, 13

Zubkov, Viktor, 559

Zyuganov, Gennadi: political discontent, 496–7; leads Communist Party of the Russian Federation, 520, 528; Duma elections (1995), 530–31 and (1999), 532; Presidential candidate (1996), 531; popularity over Yeltsin, 531; Presidential candidate (2000), 547, 553; Presidential candidate (2008), 559

About the Author

Robert Service is Professor of Russian History at Oxford University and a Fellow of St Antony’s College. His other books include Lenin: A Biography and a textbook on the Russian Revolution as well as Russia: Experiment with a People, From 1991 to the Present. He has also published Stalin: A Biography and Comrades: A World History of Communism. He writes and broadcasts frequently on Russia and is a Fellow of the British Academy.

Copyright

PENGUIN BOOKS

Published by the Penguin Group

Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England

Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA

Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4P 2Y3

(a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.)

Penguin Ireland, 25 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd)

Penguin Group (Australia), 250 Camberwell Road,

Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd)

Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Centre,

Panchsheel Park, New Delhi — 110 017, India

Penguin Group (NZ), 67 Apollo Drive, Rosedale, North Shore 0632, New Zealand

(a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd)

Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue,