any member of your family asks you for a favor, forget it and consider only the merits of the situation. That will be the best means of ensuring all the happiness that I wish you.”1 These judicious words completely spoiled Peter’s mood. He scowled until the end of the reception. Even during the fireworks at the end of the celebration, he did not so much as glance at the woman with whom he had just exchanged pledges of eternal love and confidence. The more he looked out at the faces surrounding him, the more he felt that he had fallen into a trap.
While he had allowed himself to be buffeted about between political intrigues, women, drink and the pleasures of hunting, the Supreme Privy Council had, after a fashion, managed the affairs of State. At the initiative of these wise men and with the tsar’s concurrence, measures were taken to reinforce their control over the magistrature, to regulate the use of bills of exchange, to ban the clergy from wearing lay clothing and to keep knowledge of Russia’s problems reserved to the Senate. In short, in spite of the emperor’s defection, the empire went on.
Meanwhile, Peter learned that his sweetheart Ivan Dolgoruky was planning to marry little Natalya Sheremetiev. To be honest, he did not see much problem in giving up his former favorite to a rival. It was agreed that, to affirm the bond of friendship between the four young people, their two marriages should be celebrated the same day. However, this reasonable arrangement still troubled Peter. Everything and everybody had disappointed him and annoyed him. There was no place where he could feel comfortable and he did not have anyone whom he felt he could trust.
Shortly before the end of the year, he paid a surprise visit to Elizabeth, whom he had neglected for the last several months. He found her poorly housed, poorly served, and lacking the essen«57»
Terrible Tsarinas tials - whereas she should have been the first lady in the empire.
He had gone to her to complain about his own distress, and instead it was she who complained to him about her destitution.
She accused the Dolgorukys of having humiliated her, of ruining her and of preparing to dominate him through the wife that they had tossed into his arms. Shaken by his aunt’s complaints (and still secretly in love with her), he answered, “This is not my fault!
No one obeys me; but I will soon find the means to break my chains!”12 These remarks were reported to the Dolgorukys, who put their heads together to work out a response that would be effective while preserving the appearance of respecting the tsar. Moreover, they had another family problem on their hands that required urgent intervention: Ivan had fallen out with his sister Katya, who had lost all sense of restraint since her engagement and was laying claim to the late Grand Duchess Natalya’s diamonds, saying that the tsar had promised them to her. This sordid quarrel over a box of jewels was liable to irritate Peter just at the moment when they needed more than ever to dampen his mistrust. But how could they make a woman listen to reason, when she was less sensitive to male logic than to the glitter of precious stones?
On January 6, 1730, at the time of the traditional blessing of the waters of the Neva, Peter arrived late at the ceremony and positioned himself behind the open sledge in which Catherine was seated. In the frozen air, the chanting of the priest and the singing of the choir resonated weirdly; vapor rose from the mouths of the singers. Peter shivered throughout the interminable service. Returning home, he could not stop shaking; he was put to bed. They thought he’d gotten a chill. And anyway, by January 12, he had recovered. But, five days later, the doctors detected symptoms of small pox, which was often fatal at the time. Receiving this news, all the Dolgorukys gathered together at the Golovin palace in ter«58»
Machinations around the Throne ror. They already foresaw the worst and started looking for ways to avert the catastrophe. Amid the general panic, Alexis Dolgoruky stated that only one solution existed, should the tsar die suddenly: to crown his chosen bride Catherine, little Katya, without delay. But this claim struck Prince Vasily Vladimirovich as exorbitant, and he protested in the name of all the family.
“Neither I nor any of mine will wish to be her subjects! She is not married!”
“She is promised in marriage!” retorted Alexis.
“That’s not the same at all!”
A heated debate erupted. Prince Sergei Dolgoruky suggested raising the Guard to support the cause of the tsar’s fiancee. Turning toward General Vasily Vladimirovich Dolgoruky, he exclaimed: “You and Ivan control the Preobrazhensky regiment. Together, the two of you can make your men do whatever you want!”
“We would be massacred!” retorted the General; and he walked out of the meeting.
After he left, another Dolgoruky, Prince Vasily Lukich, a member of the Supreme Privy Council, sat down by the fireplace where an enormous wood fire as burning and, on his own authority, drafted a will for the tsar to sign - while he still had the strength to read and sign an official document. The other members of the family flocked around him and suggested a sentence here, a word there to refine the text. When he was done, someone in the group spoke up, voicing the fear that their adversaries would dispute the authenticity of the document. A third Dolgoruky, Ivan, Peter’s little friend and the fiance of Natalya Sheremetiev, came to the rescue. Did they need the tsar’s signature?
Aha! He pulled a piece of paper from his pocket and showed it to his relatives.
“Here is the tsar’s handwriting,” he said, cheerfully. “And
«59»
Terrible Tsarinas here is mine. You yourselves would not be able to tell them apart.
And I know how to sign his name as well; I often did so as a joke!”
The onlookers were flabbergasted - but not indignant.
Dipping a quill into the inkwell, Ivan signed Peter’s name at the bottom of the page. They all leaned over his shoulder and murmured with wonder.
“That is exactly the hand of the tsar!”13 they exclaimed.
Then the conspirators exchanged half-reassured glances and prayed God that they would be spared the necessity of actually using this forgery.
From time to time, they sent emissaries to the palace for an update on the tsar’s condition. The news was grimmer and grimmer. Peter died at one o’clock in the morning, Monday, January 19, 1730, at the age of 14 years and three months. His reign had lasted just over two and a half years. January 19, 1730, the day of his death, is the date he had set a few weeks before for his marriage with Catherine Dolgoruky.
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Machinations around the Throne
Footnotes 1. Cf. Brian-Chaninov: Histoire de Russie.
2. A traditional term designating the daughter of the tsar.
3. Cf. Daria Olivier, op. cit.
4.
Cf. Waliszewski, L’Heritage de Pierre le Grand.
5. Cf. Daria Olivier, op. cit.
6. Details provided by Essipov: “L’Exil du prince Menshikov,” Annales de la Patrie, 1861, and cited by Waliszewski, op. cit.
