God's War: A New History of the Crusades

57. Translated WP, Appendix A, pp. 127–9; for a full discussion in English of the massacre and the sources, PVC, Appendix B, pp. 289–93.

58. WP, p. 128.

59. Caesarius of Heisterbach, Dialogus Miraculorum, ed. J. Strange (Cologne etc. 1851), i, 302.

60. WP, p. 128.

61. Song, pp. 19–22; PVC, p. 291.

62. For a discussion of this, see Barber, Cathars, pp. 133– 5.

63. PVC, p. 189, quoting a papal letter of 21 May 1213.

64. PVC, pp. 299–301, Appendix D, for mercenaries; 144; Song, pp. 181–9; WP, pp. 64–5.

65. PVC, pp. 62–3.

66. PVC, pp. 84–5, 117, 120; WP, pp. 40–41; Song, pp. 41, 48; H. C. Lea, A History of the Inquisition (New York and London 1888), i, 162.

67. PVC, p. 70, 71–2, 163, 237–8 and note 98.

68. WP, pp. 65–6; Song, pp. 181–3.

69. Quoted by M. Routledge in Riley-Smith, Oxford History of the Crusades, p. 109.

70. Song, pp. 26–8; PVC, pp. 55–9 and Appendix C, pp. 294–8; J. R. Maddicott, Simon de Montfort (Cambridge 1994), pp. 1–5.

71. See Innocent III’s letters of January and May, PVC, pp. 186–9, 308.

72. PVC, pp. 154, 228 and note 50, 232, 234 and note 90.

73. PVC, p. 95.

74. WP, p. 58.

75. PVC, pp. 98–9 and 90–100; Song, pp. 34–6.

76. PVC, pp. 63–4 and note 105.

77. WP, p. 42, precipitated by the treachery at Castelnaudary in 1211 of William Cat, a former intimate; cf. PVC, pp. 134–5.

78. Translated PVC, pp. 320–29.

79. PVC, p. 310; for the correspondence, pp. 308–11.

80. PVC, pp. 186–9; J. and L. Riley-Smith, Crusades, p. 122.

81. PVC, pp. 203–17; Song, pp. 68–71 and WP, pp. 45–9 are later but informed.

82. PVC, pp. 242–5.

83. Song, pp. 74–5.

84. Translated PVC, pp. 311–12.

85. WP, p. 56.

86. Song, p. 172 (and cf. p. 176 for a wonderfully hostile obituary notice); PVC, pp. 276–7; WP, pp. 61–2.

87. WP, p. 65.

88. R. Kay, ‘The Albigensian Twentieth of 1221–3’, Journal of Medieval History, vi (1980), 307–16.

89. Chronicon Turonense, RHGF, ed. Bouquet et al., xviii, 314; cf. Siberry, Criticism of Crusading, p. 131 and refs. to Honorius III’s letters and bulls.

90. Its terms are translated in WP, Appendix C, pp. 138–44.

91. For a useful recent summary, Barber, Cathars, pp. 141–75, which has full references.

92. Wakefield, Heresy, pp. 179–89, 193.

93. WP, pp. 107–8; Barber, Cathars, pp. 154–8 and refs.

94. An incident made famous by E. Le Roi Ladurie, Montaillou (Eng. trans. London 1978), a rather misleading work (cf. comments by L. E. Boyle, ‘Montaillou Revisited’, Pathways to Medieval Peasants, ed. J. Raftis (Toronto 1981), pp. 119–40); for a scholarly recent discussion of the revival, Barber, Cathars, pp. 176–202.

95. See J. H. Mundy, Society and Government at Toulouse in the Age of the Cathars (Toronto 1997).

96. G. Langlois, Olivier de Termes: Le Cathare et le croise (Toulouse 2001) for a recent study (note 509, p. 269 corrects the date of his death usually cited) and for other ‘Cathar crusaders’, ibid., pp. 121ff; WP, p. 111; Barber, Cathars, p. 164; Wakefield, Heresy, p. 187 and p. 213 (William Pelhisson’s chronicle: ‘there were at that time [1229] many who had taken the cross to go overseas because of their acts against the faith’).

97. WP, p. 67 and note 93.

98. WP, p. 111–12, note 26 and refs.

19: The Fifth Crusade 1213–21

1. J. and L. Riley-Smith, Crusades, pp. 91–2.

2. The best modern account is J. M. Powell, Anatomy of a Crusade 1213– 21 (Philadelphia 1986).

3. On the general phenomenon, M. Clanchy, From Memory to Written Record (London 1979).

4. PVC, p. 50; Legates’ report, WP, p. 127.

5. Above pp. 525, 530, 540–41, 542, 547, 551–2, 554.

6. In general, P. Raedts, ‘The Children’s Crusade of 1212’, Journal of Medieval History, 3 (1977), 279–323 and, especially, G. Dickson, ‘La Genese de la croisade des enfants (1212)’, Bibliotheque de l’Ecole des Chartes, 153 (1995), 53–102 and idem, ‘Stephen of Cloyes, Philip Augustus and the Children’s Crusade of 1212’, Journeys towards God: Pilgrimage and Crusade, ed. B. N. Sarget-Baur (Kalamazoo 1992), pp. 83–105.

7. PVC, pp. 142, 150–51.

8. Waitz, Chronica Regia Colonesis, p. 234; cf. translation in E. Peters (ed.), Christian Society and the Crusades 1198–1229 (Philadelphia 1971), p. 36.

9. Sigeberti Gemblacenses chronica auctarium Mortui Maris, ed. W. Pertz, MGH SS, vi, 467; Annales Admuntenses, ed. W. Wattenbach, MGH SS, ix, 579–93.

10. PVC, p. 151; for the Cologne version see note 8 above.

11. See note 6 above.

12. For the sources, with stories of heavenly letters and visions of Christ, see Dickson, ‘Stephen of Cloyes’, pp. 84–6 and notes 7, 27, pp. 98, 101.

13. Wattenbach, Annales Admuntenses, p. 592.

14. See translation in PVC, p. 308.

15. Quotation from Quia Maior, trans. J. and L. Riley-Smith, Crusades, pp. 120–21. The full text is at pp. 119–24.

16. Robert of Courcon, Summa, x, 15, cited by J. W. Baldwin, Masters, Princes and Merchants: The Social Views of Peter the Chanter and His Circle (Princeton 1970), ii, 148–9 note 37, and see i, 211; cf. Russell, Just War, pp. 225–6 and note 37.

17. See Innocent’s letter to members of the German clergy, c.May 1213, trans. J. and L. Riley-Smith, Crusades, pp. 130–31;