Non-European immigrants, 383
Nonfictional texts, in postmodern fiction, 704
Nonfiction novels, 449
Nonfiction writing, income from, 682
Nonnarratable state, science fiction, 364
Nonverbal forms, cultural memory and, 656
Non-Western cultures, domesticity and, 122
Norris, Frank, 263, 271, 283, 797 -98; 'The Frontier Gone at Last,' 263; McTeague, 203, 225, 226, 263, 439; naturalist fiction, 203, 204; The Octopus, 261 -63, 439, 471; The Pit, 225; Responsibilities of the Novelist, 267; Vandover and the Brute, 203, 264
Norris, Kathleen, Mother, 373
North American Review, dime novel reviews, 293
Northern states, nineteenth-century racism, 153
Norton Anthology of American Literature, 177
Norwegian-American novels, 389
Nourbese Philip, Marlene, 653, 670; She Tries Her Tongue: her silence softly breaks, 656 -57
Nova Scotia, 572
Novela de la tierra, 611
Novela de la transa, 628, 631, 632 -33, 641
Novelistic techniques in autobiography, 42 -43, 45
Novelists: early American, 14; late nineteenth century, and sociology, 190 215; women as, Norris's view, 267 68. See also Women, as writers; Writers
Novels, x — xi, 9, 665; abolitionist, 141 43, 150 -54; audience for, 688 -90; avant-garde, 727 -51; capitalism and, 344; early American, 6 -25; eighteenth century, 3–5; Hawthorne's idea, 73; nineteenth century, 57, 157 -58; and social reform, 131 -54; writing of, nineteenth-century views, 116 -17
Nowlan, Alden, Various Persons Named Kevin O'Brien, 561
Noyes, John Humphrey, 134
Nugent, Lady Maria, Jamaica journal, 89
Nunez-Harrell, Elizabeth, 605
Oates, Joyce Carol, 505, 520, 521, 535, 536 -37, 798; 'Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?' 537
O'Brien, Edward J., 387, 399
O'Brien, Fitz-James, 395
O'Brien, Sharon, 278
O'Brien, Tim, 798
Ocampo, Silvina, 623
Ocampo, Victoria, 623
Occom, Samson, Sermon Preached at the Execution of Moses Paul, 43
Occupational ideals of nineteenthcentury writers, 67–68
O'Connor, Edwin, 403
O'Connor, Flannery, 430, 491; Everything That Rises Must Converge, 414; The Violent Bear It Away, 414; Wise Blood, 414, 491
October, 517
Odets, Clifford, Waiting for Lefty, 341
Odum, Howard, 412
Offensiveness, avant-garde and, 727- 28
O'Gorman, Edmundo, The Invention of America, 607
O'Hagan, Howard, 798; Tay John, 562 -63
O'Hara, John, 395, 451
— 887-
Ohmann, Richard, 'The Shaping of a Canon: U.S. Fiction, 1960–1975,' 692, 694
Okada, John, 405, 799; No-No Boy, 463, 500
Olerich, Henry, A Cityless and Countryless World: An Outline of Practical Co-operative Individualism, 474 - 75
Oliva, Gladstone, 527
Olsen, Tillie, 344, 346, 350, 799; 'The Iron Throat,' 355; Silences, 458; Tell Me a Riddle, 404; Yonnondio: From the Thirties, 332, 338, 355 56, 393, 458
Ondaatje, Michael, 567, 800; The Collected Works of Billy the Kid, 579; Running in the Family, 579
Oneida community, 134
O'Neill, Eugene, 395
Onoto Watanna (Winnifred Eaton), 270, 277 -78, 282, 283; A Japanese Nightingale, 278; Me, 278
Oppositionalism in avant-garde fiction, 732
Oral forms, 667, 669; Native American autobiography, 44
Ordonez, Cayetano, 320
Orphans, in women's novels, 123, 127
Orphée, Elvira, 623
Orrego, Claudio, Detenidosdesaparecidos: Una herida abierta, 647
Ostenso, Martha, 389, 391 -92; Wild Geese, 391, 392
Otherness, race and, 409 -11
Outlaws, dime novels and, 294, 296
Owen, Robert, 133
Owen, Wilfred, 318
Pagano, Jo, 398
Page, Myra, 350; Gathering Storm: A Story of the Black Belt, 338, 352
Page, Thomas Nelson, In Ole Virginia, 244
Palfrey, Gorham: Emerson and, 130
Panetta, George, 398
Panneton, Philippe. See Ringuet
Panunzio, Constantine, The Soul of an Immigrant, 398
Paperback books, 359, 504, 685 -86
Papermaking improvements, 49
Paradis, Suzanne, 572
Paralyzed artist theme, 565 -66
Paris: Americans in, 312; Hemingway and, 322
Parizeau (Poznanska), Alice, 574
Parker, Cynthia Ann, 440
Parker, Theodore, 91; 'A Sermon on Merchants,' 148
Parochial nature of American culture, 12
Parody: in Millhauser's works, 747, 749 -51; in Poe's works, 78
Parrington, Vernon L., 390
Partisan Review, 326 -27, 345; and Roth's Call It Sleep, 395
Parmoy, Alicia, 635
Patton, Sarah Payson Willis. See Fern, Fanny
Past, post-Civil War writers and, 241 -43
Pastor, Rose, 387
Paternalistic society, reform novels, 230 -32
Patri, Angelo, The Spirit of America, 385
Patriarchal character, Poe's view, 98
Patriarchal society: colonial, and education of women, 657; domesticity and, 118 -26; sexual mastery, 153;
