518'>For Russia’s educated elites Europe was more than a tourist destination. It was a cultu

Eugene Onegin,

Vladimir Lensky, just returning From Gottingen with soulful yearning, Was in his prime - a

Vladimir Lensky, just returning From Gottingen with soulful yearning, Was in his prime - a

Vladimir Lensky, just returning From Gottingen with soulful yearning, Was in his prime - a

134

All the pioneers of Russia’s arts learned their crafts abroad: Tred-iakovsky, the country’s

All the pioneers of Russia’s arts learned their crafts abroad: Tred-iakovsky, the country’s

All the pioneers of Russia’s arts learned their crafts abroad: Tred-iakovsky, the country’s

seen, Berezovsky, Fomin and Bortnyansky learned their music in Italy. Mikhail Lomonosov

seen, Berezovsky, Fomin and Bortnyansky learned their music in Italy. Mikhail Lomonosov

seen, Berezovsky, Fomin and Bortnyansky learned their music in Italy. Mikhail Lomonosov

‘was

135

The Grand Tour was a vital rite of passage for the aristocracy. The emancipation of the n

The Grand Tour was a vital rite of passage for the aristocracy. The emancipation of the n

The Grand Tour was a vital rite of passage for the aristocracy. The emancipation of the n

Journey of a Russian Noblewoman

136

objets d’art,

The travel literature that accompanied this traffic played a vital role in shaping Rus

The travel literature that accompanied this traffic played a vital role in shaping Rus

The travel literature that accompanied this traffic played a vital role in shaping Rus

vis-a-vis

Letters of a Russian Traveller

Letters

137

Letters

vated Europeans. In his letters Karamzin portrayed himself as perfectly at ease, and accep

vated Europeans. In his letters Karamzin portrayed himself as perfectly at ease, and accep

vated Europeans. In his letters Karamzin portrayed himself as perfectly at ease, and accep

Yet Karamzin also managed to express the insecurity which all the Russians felt in their

Yet Karamzin also managed to express the insecurity which all the Russians felt in their

Yet Karamzin also managed to express the insecurity which all the Russians felt in their

138

to

139

Karamzin’s doubts were shared by many educated Russians as they struggled to define their

Karamzin’s doubts were shared by many educated Russians as they struggled to define their

Karamzin’s doubts were shared by many educated Russians as they struggled to define their

Five years before Karamzin set off on his travels, the writer and civil servant Denis Fon

Five years before Karamzin set off on his travels, the writer and civil servant Denis Fon

Five years before Karamzin set off on his travels, the writer and civil servant Denis Fon

toured the spas of Germany and France looking for a cure for Fonvi-zin’s migraines. On this o

toured the spas of Germany and France looking for a cure for Fonvi-zin’s migraines. On this o

toured the spas of Germany and France looking for a cure for Fonvi-zin’s migraines. On this o

Travel Letters

Fonvizin did not set out as a nationalist. Fluent in several languages, he cut the figure

Fonvizin did not set out as a nationalist. Fluent in several languages, he cut the figure

Fonvizin did not set out as a nationalist. Fluent in several languages, he cut the figure

140

141

‘comme il faut’.

but the actual condition of the ordinary Frenchman was one of slavery - for ‘a poor man ca

but the actual condition of the ordinary Frenchman was one of slavery - for ‘a poor man ca

but the actual condition of the ordinary Frenchman was one of slavery - for ‘a poor man ca

If any of my youthful countrymen with good sense should become indignant over the abuses

If any of my youthful countrymen with good sense should become indignant over the abuses

If any of my youthful countrymen with good sense should become indignant over the abuses

142

The terms Fonvizin used to characterize Europe appeared with extraordinary regularit

The terms Fonvizin used to characterize Europe appeared with extraordinary regularit

The terms Fonvizin used to characterize Europe appeared with extraordinary regularit

Letters from France and Italy

Winter Notes on Summer Impressions

143

144

’simulating emotions and feelings for nature’.145 Even Turgenev, an ardent Westernizer, d

’simulating emotions and feelings for nature’.145 Even Turgenev, an ardent Westernizer, d

’simulating emotions and feelings for nature’.145 Even Turgenev, an ardent Westernizer, d

145

A Nest of Gentlefolk

146

The Russians were uncertain about their place in Europe (they still are), and that ambiv

The Russians were uncertain about their place in Europe (they still are), and that ambiv

The Russians were uncertain about their place in Europe (they still are), and that ambiv

147

7

7

7

7

7

Russia’s idealization of Europe was profoundly shaken by the French Revolution of 1789.

Russia’s idealization of Europe was profoundly shaken by the French Revolution of 1789.

Russia’s idealization of Europe was profoundly shaken by the French Revolution of 1789.

148

149

150

Karamzin’s anguish was widely shared by the European Russians of his age. Brought up to be

Karamzin’s anguish was widely shared by the European Russians of his age. Brought up to be

Karamzin’s anguish was widely shared by the European Russians of his age. Brought up to be

War and Peace)

kvas

haute cuisine

In this search for a new life on ‘Russian principles’ the Enlightenment ideal of a univer

In this search for a new life on ‘Russian principles’ the Enlightenment ideal of a univer

In this search for a new life on ‘Russian principles’ the Enlightenment ideal of a univer

Dashkova; ‘let us remain patriots and retain the character of our ancestors’.151 Karamzi

Dashkova; ‘let us remain patriots and retain the character of our ancestors’.151 Karamzi

Dashkova; ‘let us remain patriots and retain the character of our ancestors’.151 Karamzi

151

152

Our

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