The Whisperers

Japan

border conflict, 371

imperial ambitions, 371

occupies Manchuria, 235, 371

rumoured invasion of Siberia, 240

Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee (JAFC), 493–4, 496n, 515

Jews

as ‘alien outsiders’, 509

Babi Yar massacre (1941), 570, 571

blamed for Stalinist excesses, 420

Bolsheviks as, 420

campaigns against, 493–503, 518, 521, 570, 625, 646, 647, 648

denied exit visas, 646

flee German army (1941), 380

Germans murder, 382

identity, 68, 614

nationality, 509–10

religious observance, 65, 68, 69

seen as spies, 521

and Soviet regime, 64, 67– 9, 70, 75

university education, 65n

urbanization, 67–8

writers, pseudonyms, 519–20

See also‘anti-cosmopolitan’ campaign; anti-Semitism; Yiddish culture

justice

belief in, 278, 279

Party as source, 34, 272

Kaganovich, Lazar, 151, 231, 232, 239–40, 538, 594, 604

Kalinin, Mikhail, 154, 156, 300, 442

Kamenev (Lev Borisovich Rosenfeld), 72, 197, 230, 237, 248

Kaminskaia, Nina, 189–90, 276–7

Kandalaksha labour camp, 313

Kaplan, Lipa, 265

Kaplan, Rakhil, 49, 510, 529

Karaganda labour camps, 314–15, 316–17, 365, 552, 566, 631

See also Akmolinsk Labour Camp…

Karelia, 113, 223

Kariakin, Vasily, 175

Karpetnin, Aleksandr, 262

Karpitskaia, Anna, 11–13, 48, 264

Karpitskaia, Marksena, 333–5, 334, 445–6, 649, 650

Kashin, Boris, 650

Kataev, Valentin, 193

Katyn massacre, 373

Kazakhstan

anti-Semitism, 420

labour camps, 87, 357, 553–4, 631

mortality (1930–33), 98

‘special settlements’, 93

Virgin Lands Campaign, 543–4, 547

Kazan jail, 271, 273, 301–3

Kem labour camp, 209

Kerch offensive (1942), 395, 410

Kerensky, Aleksandr, 196n

KGB, 605–7

See also Cheka; MVD; NKVD; OGPU

Khabarovsk, 289, 290

labour camp, 386, 629

Railway Institute, 333

Khachaturian, A. I., 492

Khalkin Gol, battle (1939), 370–71, 373, 374, 410

Khaneyevsky family, 175, 176, 177, 184, 648

Kharkov, Ukraine, 218, 258, 399