«Сотворение Адама». Величие, мощь, благородство выражены в образах пророков и сивилл.
Несмотря на большое количестве фигур, роспись Сикстинского плафона логически ясна и легко обозрима. Она не разрушает плоскости свода, а выявляет тектоническую структуру.
VIII. Summarize the text.
IX. Topics for discussion.
1. Michelangelo's sculpture.
2. Michelangelo's ceiling painting.
3. Michelangelo's artistic heritage.
Unit VII Raphael (1483-1520)
Raffaello Sanzo, known as Raphael, was the third giant of the High Renaissance. In his art the High Renaissance ideal of harmony comes to its most complete expression.
Raphael was born in Urbino. First taught by his father, Giovanni Santi, a mediocre painter, Raphael worked for some time in the studio of Perugino.
In 1504 Raphael painted The
About 1505 Raphael arrived in Florence and achieved immediate success. Leonardo and Michelangelo, who were working there on the murals for the council chamber in the Palazzo Vec-chio, had establislied the High Renaissance style. Raphael met the demand with ease and grace. Having absorbed Perugino's feeling for light and colour, Leonardo's composition, Michelangelo's strength and power, Raphael put his personal stamp on everything he did; he was called the «Apostle of Beauty».
During his three-year stay in Florence he painted a great number of portraits and Madonnas. The loveliest of which is the
In 1508 Julius II invited twenty-six-year-old Raphael to paint the Stanze (chambers) of the Vatican. Raphael retained the position as court painter until his early death. His ideals of figural and compositional harmony came to be recognized as the High Renaissance principles. Classical artists of succeeding centuries (Poussin in the 17-th century and Ingres in the 19-th century) turned to Raphael as the messiah of their art and doctrine. The first room frescoed by Raphael was Stanza della Segnatura. From the complex iconographic programme, it is possible to single out two frescoes on the opposite walls: they typify the Classical and Christian elements reconciled in the synthesis of the High Renaissance. The
From this period dates the
After the death of the warrior pope Julius II Giovanni de Medici became Roman pope. Raphael painted the portrait of
One of Raphael's last and greatest paintings was the
The great painter died on Good Friday, April 6, 1520, at the age of thirty-seven. His funeral was held in the Pantheon and the
To his contemporaries Raphael's death seemed the end of an era, but a closer look shows that, in a way, the High Renaissance synthesis of Classical and Christian had already started to dissolve. Inevitably, it was an unstable equilibrium. Nonetheless the great solution remained, on the walls of the Vatican, the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and in the churches and palaces of Florence and Rome. Leonardo, Michelangelo and Raphael left a vision of the powers of the human being and the grandeur of human imagination that had not been approached since the days of the ancient Greeks. These solutions continued to inspire artists in every century after the short-lived High Renaissance itself passed into history.
Make sure you know how to pronounce the/allowing words:
Raphael; Urbino; messiah; tiara; Wittenburg; Martin Luther; Pantheon; Eucharist; Elijah; Matthew; Luke; Ingres; luminous
Stanza della Segnatura – Станца делла Сеньятура «зал Подписи»
Eucharist – евхаристия, святое причастие
The Vatican – Ватикан
Good Friday – Великая пятница, пятница на страстной
неделе
I. Read the text. Mark the following statements true or false
1. In Raphael's art the High Renaissance ideal of harmony comes to its most complete expression.
2. In 1505 in Rome Raphael achieved immediate success.
3. The
4. Raphael, invited by Sixtus iv to paint the Stanza of the Vatican, retained the position as court painter until his death.