Technology for Nonviolent Struggle

German unification under the West German model.

4.

Tony Dowmunt (ed.), Channels of Resistance: Global Television and Local Empowerment (London: British Film Institute in association with Channel Four Television, 1993) provides a number of useful case studies.

5.

Adam Roberts, “Civil resistance to military coups,” Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 12, 1975, pp. 19-36.

6.

Royal D. Hutchinson, Czechoslovakia 1968: The Radio and the Resistance (Copenhagen: Institute for Peace and Conflict Research, 1969); H. Gordon Skilling, Czechoslovakia’s Interrupted Revolution (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1976); Joseph Wechsberg, The Voices (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1969); Philip Windsor and Adam Roberts, Czechoslovakia 1968: Reform, Repression and Resistance (London: Chatto and Windus, 1969).

7.

Lawrence C. Soley and John S. Nichols, Clandestine Radio Broadcasting: A Study of Revolutionary and Counterrevolutionary Electronic Communication (New York: Praeger, 1987).

8.

Bruce Girard (ed.), A Passion for Radio: Radio Waves and Community (Montreal: Black Rose Books, 1992); Ron Sakolsky and Stephen Dunifer (eds.), Seizing the Airwaves: A Free Radio Handbook (Edinburgh: AK Press, 1998); Lawrence Soley, Free Radio: Electronic Civil Disobedience (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1999).

9.

Brian Martin, “Lessons in nonviolence from the Fiji coups,” Gandhi Marg, Vol. 10, No. 6, September 1988, pp. 326-339.

10.

On micropower radio, see Ron Sakolsky and Stephen Dunifer (eds.), Seizing the Airwaves: A Free Radio Handbook (Edinburgh: AK Press, 1998); Lawrence Soley, Free Radio: Electronic Civil Disobedience (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1999).

11.

Victor Papanek, Design for the Real World: Human Ecology and Social Change (London: Thames and Hudson, 1985, second edition), pp. 224-227.

12.

David H. Albert (ed.), Tell the American People: Perspectives on the Iranian Revolution (Philadelphia: Movement for a New Society, 1980); F. Hoveyda, The Fall of the Shah (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1980).

13.

Andrew McMillan, Death in Dili (Sydney: Hodder and Stoughton, 1992), pp. 163- 164, 230-232. On the role of nonviolent action in the East Timorese struggle, see Chisako M. Fukuda, “Peace through nonviolent action: the East Timorese resistance movement’s strategy for engagement,” Pacifica Review, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2000, pp. 16-31.

14.

Michael Henderson, Experiment with Untruth: India under Emergency (Delhi: Macmillan, 1977).

15.

Jacques Semelin, Unarmed against Hitler: Civilian Resistance in Europe, 1939- 1943 (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1993), p. 85.