6 Bolshevik headquarters, Vyborg District
7 Kresty Prison
8 Cirque Moderne
9 Kshesinskaya Mansion
10 Arsenal
11 Peter and Paul Fortress
12 Stock Exchange
13 Petersburg University
14
15 Finland Regiment
16 Central telegraph office
17 Petrograd telegraph agency
18 Post office
19 War Ministry
20 Admiralty
21 Palace Square
22 St Isaac's Cathedral
23 General Staff headquarters
24 Petrograd telephone station
25 Winter Palace
26
27 Pavlovsky Regiment
28 Mars Field
29 Kazan Cathedral
30 City Duma
31 State Bank
32 Marinsky Palace
33 Lithuanian Regiment
34 Preobrazhensky Regiment
35 Volynsky Regiment
36 Tauride Palace
37 Smolny Institute
38 Znamenskaya Square
39 Semenovsky Regiment
40 Petrograd electric station
41 Petrograd Regiment
42 Putilov factory
RUSSIA UNDER THE OLD REGIME
I The Dynasty
i The Tsar and His People
On a wet and windy morning in February 1913 St Petersburg celebrated three hundred years of Romanov rule over Russia. People had been talking about the great event for weeks, and everyone agreed that nothing quite so splendid would ever be seen again in their lifetimes. The majestic power of the dynasty would be displayed, as never before, in an extravaganza of pageantry. As the jubilee approached, dignitaries from far-flung parts of the Russian Empire filled the capital's grand hotels: princes from Poland and the Baltic lands; high priests from Georgia and Armenia; mullahs and tribal chiefs from Central Asia; the Emir of Bukhara and the Khan of Khiva. The city bustled with sightseers from the provinces, and the usual well-dressed promenaders around the Winter Palace now found themselves outnumbered by the unwashed masses — peasants and workers in their tunics and caps, rag- bundled women with kerchiefs on their heads. Nevsky Prospekt experienced the worst traffic jams in its history as trams and horse-drawn carriages, cars and sleighs, converged on it. The main streets were decked out in the imperial colours of white, blue and red; statues were dressed in garlands and ribbons; and portraits of the tsars, stretching back to Mikhail, the founder of the dynasty, hung on the facades of banks and stores. Above the tram- lines were strung chains of coloured lights, which lit up at night with the words 'God Save the Tsar' or a Romanov double-headed eagle and the dates 1613—1913. Out-of-towners, many of whom had never seen electric light, stared up and scratched their heads in wonderment. There were columns, arcs and obelisks of light. In front of the Kazan Cathedral stood a white pavilion filled with incense, bromeliads and palms, shivering in the Russian winter air.
The rituals began with a solemn thanksgiving in the Kazan Cathedral led by the Patriarch of Antioch, who had
