Young Stalin

1907.

3

2. Berlin: Ostrovsky, pp. 256–59. I. V. Stalin, Sochineniya, 13:122 Stalin to Ludwig; also Smith, pp. 198–99. Trotsky, Stalin, pp. 96–107.

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3. Arsenidze, p. 220—young men followed Stalin. GF IML 8.5.384.3–10, Autobiographical notes by Kamo. Stalin’s magnetism by Kamo’s sister Dzhavaira Khutulashvili: Kun, p. 75. Kamo’s face: Sergei Alliluyev and Anna Alliluyeva, Alliluyev Memoirs, pp. 220–21. Role of girls, etc.: GF IML 8.2.1.624.1–26, Bachua Kupriashvili.

5

4. GDMS 87.1955–368.11–13: Alexandra “Sashiko” Svanidze-Monoselidze.

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5. Davrichewy, pp. 174–77, 188–89, 237–39. Charkviani, “Memoirs,” p. 15—Kamo truly amazing.

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6. On the balcony as the bombs explode: GDMS 87.1955–368.11–13, Alexandra “Sashiko” Svanidze- Monoselidze.

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7. Kun, p. 69, quoting Shaumian’s son Levan—interview with Kun. Dirty business: Stalin to Yuri Zhdanov, see S. Montefiore, Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar (henceforth Montefiore), p. 507.

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8. Stalin’s knowledge of the bank robbery before and after: GDMS 87.1955–368.11–13, Alexandra “Sashiko” Svanidze-Monoselidze. Souvarine, Staline, p. 100, quoting Tsintsadze. Charkviani, “Memoirs”—the fanatic Marxist. Minadora Ordzhonikidze-Toroshelidze, “Memoirs”—“man in grey,” possibly a reference to Leonid Andreyev’s play Life of Man.

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9. Davrichewy, pp. 237–39, 174–77, 188–89.

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10. RGASPI 558.4.647—Stalin carries Mauser: see Kun, p. 117. Arsenidze interviews, Nikolaevsky box 667, series 279, folder 4–5. See chapter 18, note 1.

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11. RGASPI 332.1.53:15 (2) O2. 23 (10), 1905–1910, TSK Organized Committee to Investigate Tiflis Expropriation. GDMS 87.1955–368.11–13: Alexandra “Sashiko” Svanidze-Monoselidze. GF IML 8.2.1.54.214–15, Kote Charkviani. GF IML 8.2.1.22, memoirs of G. Kasradze quoted by Ostrovsky, pp. 259–67. Razhden Arsenidze, interviews nos. 1–3, 103–4, Nikolaevsky box 667, series 279, folder 4–5.GF IML 8.2.1.624.1–26, Bachua Kupriashvili.

13

12. GF IML 8.2.1.624.1–26, Bachua Kupriashvili. Trotsky, Stalin, p. 104, quoting Bessedovsky on Sumbatov. Baikaloff, I Knew Stalin, p. 20. Radzinsky, Stalin, p. 61, quotes P. A. Pavlenko. Arsenidze, interviews nos. 1–3, 103–4, Nikolaevsky box 667, series 279, folder 4–5.

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13. Report of Chief of Kutaisi Gendarmerie Maj.-Gen. Shopchansky: Batumskaya Demonstratsia 1902 goda (henceforth Batumskaya), pp. 235–36.

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14. Handwritten account by Raphael Bagratuni of the memoirs of his relation the Okhrana officer Alexander Bagratuni/Bagratov sent to Isaac Don Levine: thanks to Roman Brackman private collection. This source is highly dubious yet its claims are well informed on details that have only recently surfaced in the Okhrana files in Tiflis and