Young Stalin

of the two Vologda archives for their help. Ostrovsky, pp. 321–28: my account of the Serafima marriage is based on Ostrovsky’s researches in Party Archive of Archangel Region (PAVO 859.10.21.1–2). Y. Sukhotin, “Bastard krasnogo vozhda.” GARF 102.00.1910.5. Books, policemen, cheerful, singing, laughing, fiction and history books, jail time: RGASPI 558.4.540 Ivan Golubev. Vstrechi s vozhdem: Rasskazy krestyan s Kureiki o tov. Staline, pp. 32–36. Nikonov, Molotov Molodost, pp. 75–90. Sex and boredom: meeting of the British Ambassador Sir David Kelly and Stalin, 28 June 1949, cipher report, no. 548: thanks to Laurence Kelly and PRO 77618. Aram Ivanian: Kun, pp. 110–19; RGASPI 558.1.5097; Beria, p. 135. Lenin’s anger: Dubinsky-Mukharadze, Ordzhonikidze, pp. 75–76. Planting pine trees: Mgeladze, pp. 54– 55. Guy Chazan, “East-West Alloy Reviving Stalin’s Belch,” Wall Street Journal, 9 June 2004: thanks to Guy Chazan for this story. Lordkipanidze: Charkviani, “Memoirs.”

198

1. Vologda: RGASPI 71.10.276. RGASPI 71.10.647. RGASPI 558.1.4333. GARF 111.1.1110a. RGASPI 558.1.30. RGASPI 558.1.5377. RGASPI 558.1.647. P. G. Fomina-Onufrieva. Also: Izvestiya TsK, no. 10, 1989, p. 190. RGASPI 55.4.647 Sophia Kryukova. Life of Onufrieva: Kun, pp. 113–18. GARF 102.00.1911.5–83 and 102.7d.1911.2093.GAVO 108.1.5058. Ostrovsky, p. 331. Krasnyi Arkhiv, no. 8, 1937, pp. 165–97. Krasnyi Arkhiv, no. 2 (105), 1941, pp. 19–20. Details of Okhrana surveillance, 1908–13: Krasnyi Arkhiv, no. 2 (105), 1941, pp. 4–31. Stalin meets Sergo in Petersburg: RGASPI 161.1.20, V. L. Shveitzer. S. Alliluyev, “Vstrechi s Stalym,” Pravda, 22 Dec. 1939. RGASPI 558.4.148 and 166. Spandarian to Krupskaya on Sergo giving Koba 50 roubles, Sept. 1911, in S. Shaumian, Izbrannye proizvedeniya, no. 1, pp. 346–7. A.S. Alliluyeva, Vospominaniya, pp. 38–40, on Todria, etc. Trotsky, Stalin, p. 134. “Serov” by M. Parrish in Slavic Military Studies, Sept. 1997, p. 127. General Ivan Serov memo to First Secretary N. S. Khrushchev and Politburo: RGASPI 558.11.1288, 4 June 1956.

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2. GARF 7d.1911.2093 and 102.00.1912.5–14-V. RGASPI 558.4.166. On police, Gendarme, Okhrana and movements: Ostrovsky, pp. 336–42. RGASPI 558.2.75 and 76. Five escapes, five-rouble bribes, reunion with Spandarian, strict conspiracy, letter about Prague, Rostov meeting, jumping out of train: RGASPI 161.1.20, V. L. Shveitzer. RGASPI 558.2.75. RGASPI 17.4.647. Molotov, Poluderzhavnyi, p. 297. Izvestiya TsK, no. 5, 1989, p. 185. Kommunist, vol. 8–9, 1988. B. Slavin, “Stalin i Okhranka,” Alternativy, no. 1, 1998, pp. 78–81. Code: Kun, p. 139. Prague: Ordzhonikidze, quoted in Kun, p. 129. Malinovsky: Ralph Carter Ellman, Roman Malinovsky, pp. 15–26, 31–33, 40–41, including quote on appearance, Lenin quote, hysterical, resigned, shot, pp. 58–66. Krupskaya, pp. 211 and 225. Radzinsky, Stalin, pp. 82–86 including Lenin and Malinovsky quotes. Krasnyi Arkhiv, no. 8, 1937, pp. 165–97. Krasnyi Arkhiv, no. 2, (105) 1941, pp. 19–20. Details of Okhrana surveillance, 1908–13: Krasnyi Arkhiv, no. 2, (105) 1941, pp. 4–31.

200

1. S. Kavtaradze, Iz vospominanii o tov. Staline, pp. 3–17. Slavatinskaya: RGASPI 124.1.1782; Stalin letters to Slavatinskaya: RGASPI 558.1.5392. Yury Trifonov, Otblesk kostra, pp. 33–40. Relationship known: Ludmilla Stal/Tatiana Slavatinskaya: Chuev, Kaganovich, pp. 160–62. Sledding: Alliluyev Memoirs, pp. 138– 41. RGASPI 161.1.20 V. L. Shveitzer.

201

2. Tiflis: RGASPI 558.4.534, M. Agayan. GF IML 8.2.1.34.317–54, Mikheil Monoselidze. GDMS 87.1955– 368.1–16, Alexandra “Sashiko” Svanidze-Monoselidze. RGASPI 161.1.20, V. Shveitzer. GARF 102.00.1912.5–7-b. GARF 102.265.540. V S. Emuksuzian, Suren Spandarian, pp. 26–29. Istorichesky Zapisky, no. 30, p.80. Ostrovsky, p. 349. Visits to Tiflis and Baku: RGASPI 558.4.665; GFI ML 8.2.1.42. G. Haupt, Les Bolsheviks par eux-meme (Makers of the Russian Revolution), pp. 268–73.

202

3. Baku: Nikolaevsky, box 207, folder 207–15, B. N. letter to T. Vulikh, 8 Aug. 1949. Rostov: RGASPI 161.1.20, Vera Shveitzer. Krasnyi Arkhiv, no. 2 (105), 1941, p. 26. Moscow leap out of train: Ostrovsky, pp. 350–51.

203

4. Zvezda and Pravda: Nikonov, Molotov Molodost, pp. 50–56; Molotov meetings with Stalin, pp. 113–15. RGASPI 161.1.20. Stalin, Works, 2:225–47, and 5:130. Alliluyev Memoirs, pp. 148–49. Enziklopedichesky slovar Russkogo biographicheskogo instituta granat, vol. 41, 2.62–63. Arrest: RGASPI 4.186. Stasova: RGASPI 71.10.407. May Day: Stalin, Works, 2:219. Daly, Watchful State, pp. 130–32. Trotsky, Stalin, p. 126; quoting Stalin and Lenin, p. 137. Service, Stalin, pp. 86–87. Malinovsky: Service, Lenin, p. 206. Slapping boy’s face: Medvedev, Let History Judge, p. 337. RGASPI 161.1.20, V. Shveitzer.

204

1. Narym: RGASPI 4.186. RGASPI 558.4.647. GARF 102.00.1912.5–57-b. Krasnyi Arkhiv, no. 2 (105), 1941, pp. 26–27. RGASPI 161.1.20, Vera Shveitzer. Stalin and Sverdlov in Kolpashevo: Simon Vereshchak, Dni, 24 Jan. 1928. E. Pesikina, Pravda, 26 Dec. 1939: “V. Naryme”—including quote from Y. Alexeyev. RGASPI 4.647 and 558.4.190. Nikolaevsky’s teacup: Kun, pp. 132–37. Kettle: Smith, p. 256. Memoirs: Chernenko, Stalin, pp. 74–79. Service, Stalin, pp. 88–89. A. S. Alliluyeva, Vospominaniya, p. 115. Sverdlov—hair, eyes, kind, gentle, Stalin and Sverdlov compare