Young Stalin

1990.

Van Ree, Erik, “Stalin and the National Question,” Revolutionary Russia 7, December 1994.

Van Ree, Erik, “Stalin’s Bolshevism: The First Decade,” International Review of Social History 39, 1994.

Van Ree, Erik, “Stalin’s Bolshevism: The Year of Revolution,” Revolutionary Russia 13, June 2000.

Vasileva, L., Kremlin Wives, London 1994.

Vasileva, L., Deti Kremlya, Moscow 2001.

Vitebsky, Piers, Reindeer People, London 2005.

Volkogonov, D., Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy, New York 1988.

Volkogonov, D., Lenin: Life and Legacy, London 1995.

Williams, Robert C., The Other Bolsheviks: Lenin and his Critics, 1904–14, Bloomington, Indiana 1986.

Yagubov, S., Stalin byl voxhdem rabochego dvizheniya v Baku, Moscow 1947.

Yergin, Daniel, The Prize, London 1991.

Zhukov, Y., “Gori-Tbilisi,” Novy Mir, 12 December 1939.

Illustrations

1878–1904

Mugshot of Stalin, 1912¹

School photo, late 1880s²

Stalin’s birthplace in Gori¹

Official photo of Beso, Stalin’s father³

Stalin’s mother, Keke¹

Koba Egnatashvili¹⁸

Sasha Egnatashvili¹⁸

Damian Davrichewy⁴

Stalin in 1893, aged sixteen⁵

Stalin in 1896¹

Seminary photo, late 1890s¹

Fire at an oil refinery⁶

Rothschild oil refinery, Batumi⁶

Hashimi Smirba⁶

Group photo in Kutaisi Prison, 1903⁶

Novaya Uda⁶

Kutaisi Prison⁶

Stalin’s cell⁶

Natasha Kirtava⁶

Olga Alliluyeva³

Olga and her children³

1905–1910

Kamo³

Stalin’s network of street children, 1905⁷

Okhrana agents pose in their street costumes³

Stalin, ca. 1905–6⁵

Trotsky⁵

Lenin, ca. 1905⁵

Kato Svanidze¹

Kato Svanidze, headshot, from gravestone, Tbilisi³

Daily Mirror extract, 16 May 1907⁸

Russian Social Democratic Labour Party agreement³

Daily Mirror extract, 27 June 1907⁸

Daily Mirror extract, 15 May 1907⁸

Mugshot of Kamo from the police files, ca. 1908¹

Sergo Ordzhonikidze¹

Baku oil fountain⁵

Nagayev’s Palace in Baku⁹

Burning oil wells, Baku, 14 September 1903¹⁰

Murtuza Mukhtarov and his wife, Liza¹¹

Stalin with Kato’s family beside her dead body, 1907¹

Alvasi Talakvadze⁶

Ludmilla Stal¹¹

Stalin¹

Stalin when he was arrested in 1910¹

1910–1917

Stalin with Spandarian in 1915¹

Backs of postcards¹²

Front of postcard¹

Maria Kuzakova with her son Constantine and his baby³

Mugshot of Stalin when he was arrested in 1911¹

Stalin’s apartment block in Vienna¹³

Lenin’s flat in Cracow¹

Roman Malinovsky³

Stalin in 1913¹

Tatiana Slavatinskaya¹⁶

Kureika, photographed in the 1930s¹

Ostyak tribesman with reindeer on the Arctic Circle¹⁴

Alexander Davidov¹⁷

Lidia Pereprygina¹⁷

Bolshevik exiles photographed at Monastyrskoe in the summer of 1915¹

Vera Shveitzer¹⁴

KGB boss Serov’s memo to Khrushchev in 1956, about the investigation into Stalin’s affair with thirteen- year-old Lidia Pereprygina¹²

Taurida Palace³

Soldiers in St. Petersburg, February—March 1917³

1917–1918

Lenin addresses the crowds from Kseshinskaya’s palace in St. Petersburg, July 1917³

July Days coup³

Nadya Alliluyeva¹

Stalin’s bedroom in the Alliluyev apartment³

Lenin¹

Smolny and new Soviet government, 1917³

The first meeting of the new government¹⁵

Lenin’s orders to his guards on access to his office¹⁵