George F. Kennan : an American life

42 Ibid., pp. 168–70.

43 GFK to Bullitt, April 4, 1944, Bullitt Papers, 30:15; GFK, Memoirs, I, 171–74. See also the documentation in FRUS: 1944, I, 207–9. The map containing the JCS proposal is in ibid., facing p. 196.

44 Quoted in GFK handwritten memorandum, no date but probably March 1944, GFK Papers, Box 1R, “1944” folder. The Gibbon reference is from Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, II, 373. Kennan’s airplane reading is confirmed in GFK to JLG, October 18, 1995, JLG Papers.

45 GFK handwritten memorandum, probably March 1944, GFK Papers, 231:12.

46 Ibid.; GFK paper on “The Treatment of Germany,” enclosed in GFK to Bullitt, April 4, 1944, Bullitt Papers, 30:15; GFK to James W. Riddleberger, June 13, 1944, GFK Papers, 140:6. This memorandum is cited incorrectly in GFK, Memoirs, I, 175–78, as dating from 1943.

47 GFK interview, August 25, 1982, pp. 11–12; Bohlen interview by Wright.

48 JEK unpublished memoir, JLG Papers; ASK to GFK, December 24, 1943, DSR-DF 1940–44, 123K/463.

49 Winant to State Department, January 17, 1944, ibid., 123K36/471; S. C. Jalecki memorandum, March 30, 1944, ibid., “123Kennan, George F.” folder; GFK, Memoirs, I, 171.

50 GFK to Bullitt, April 23, 1944, Bullitt Papers, 30:12; GFK to Eugene Hotchkiss, April 18, 1944, GFK Papers, 140:6; GFK to ASK, April 4 and 24, 1944, DSR-DF 1940–44, 123K36/489 and 495. For the speculation about GFK’s ulcer, see Cumming interview, p. 2.

51 GFK to Follmer, May 14, 1944, GFK Papers, 140:6.

NINE ? BACK IN THE U.S.S.R.: 1944–1945

1 GFK to Eugene Hotchkiss, April 18, 1944, GFK Papers, 140:6; G. Howland Shaw to GFK, May 22, 1944, DSR-DF 1940–44, Box 474, 123K36/507.

2 The fullest biography of Harriman is Abramson, Spanning the Century; but see also Harriman and Abel, Special Envoy. The first Kennan’s biography is E. H. Harriman: A Biography.

3 Harriman interview, September 24, 1982, p. 1. See also Harriman and Abel, Special Envoy, p. 229n; and Bohlen, Witness to History, pp. 132–33, as well as the extensive correspondence regarding Kennan’s Moscow assignment in his State Department personnel file, DSR-DF 1940–44, 123K36/470–81.

4 GFK, Memoirs, I, 180–81, 233–34, GFK to Thomas A. Julian, March 31, 1965, GFK Papers, 58:4–8; Harriman interview, pp. 1–3; GFK interview, August 25, 1982, p. 10.

5 GFK remarks to the officer staff of the American legation in Lisbon, June 1944 [specific date not given], GFK Papers, 298:9.

6 GFK Diary, June 15, 1944; ASK to GFK, June 25, 1944, JEK Papers. See also GFK, Memoirs, I, 181.

7 Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, III, 49. The Belisarius account is in ibid., II, 559–61.

8 GFK Diary, June 15–18, 1944; GFK to ASK, June 21, 1944, GFK Papers, 23:10.

9 GFK, Memoirs, I, 181–85.

10 GFK Diary, June 23–25, 1944; Henderson interview, pp. 4–6.

11 GFK Diary, July 1, 1944.

12 Ibid., July 31, 1944; GFK memorandum, “Russia—Seven Years After,” September 1944, in GFK, Memoirs, I, 504, 522.

13 “Post Report, American Embassy, Moscow, U.S.S.R.,” July 11, 1944, Department of State, Record Group 84, Moscow 1944, Box 30, “124—Post Report.” See also Abramson, Spanning the Century, pp. 351–52.

14 GFK to JKH, October 8 and November 18, 1944, GFK Papers, 23:10; ASK interview, September 8, 1983, p. 3; GFK and ASK interview, December 13, 1995, pp. 8–9; JEK to JLG, April 7, 2008, JLG Papers.

15 ASK to JKH, October 6, 12, and November 24, 1944, JEK Papers; John and Patricia Davies interview, December 7, 1982, p. 3.

16 Hessman interview, September 24, 1982, p. 2; Mautner interview, September 24, 1983, p. 1; and John and Patricia Davies interview, December 7, 1982, pp. 4–5. See also Roberts interview, pp. 5–6, and Roberts, Dealing with Dictators, p. 94.

17 ASK to JKH, November 24, 1944, JEK Papers. See also Newman, Cold War Romance of Lillian Hellman and John Melby, especially pp. 21, 33–34. Hellman’s own account is in her Unfinished Woman, pp. 125–65.

18 John Hersey to Frances Ann Hersey, December 25, 1944, Hersey Papers, Box 7. I am indebted to my Yale student Kimberly Chow for finding this letter.

19 GFK to JKH, October 8, 1944, GFK Papers, 23:10.

20 Kathleen Harriman to Mary Harriman, July 3, 1944, Harriman Papers, Box 173; GFK Diary, July 2, 1944; S. K. Tsarapkin to Molotov, July 7, 1944, Russian Federation Foreign Policy Archive, Molotov Fond, Opis 6, Papka 46, Delo 610, L 46; Meiklejohn Diary, July 3, 1944, Harriman Papers, Box 11.

21 GFK memorandum, “Comments on the Polish-Russian Question,” July 3, 1944, Department of State, Record Group 84, Moscow 1944, Box 39, “711–Poland” folder.

22 Harriman handwritten notes, July 3, 1944, Harriman Papers, Box 173. Roberts, Stalin’s Wars, pp. 31–117, provides a recent—if charitable—assessment of Stalin’s intentions. For the