importance of the Atlantic Charter, see Gaddis, United States and the Origins of the Cold War, pp. 1–31.
23 Abramson, Spanning the Century, pp. 361–63; GFK, Memoirs, I, 207–8. The Soviet government finally admitted its responsibility for the Katyn murders in 1990.
24 Harriman handwritten notes, July 3, 1944. Harriman Papers, Box 173; Edward Page memorandum, Harriman-Molotov conversation, June 3, 1944, Department of State, Record Group 84, Moscow 1944, Box 39, “711 —Poland” folder.
25 GFK to Harriman, undated but late July 1944, Harriman Papers, Box 173, “July 26–31, 1944” folder; GFK Diary, July 27 and August 1, 1944.
26 GFK diary, August 6, 1944; Harriman to Roosevelt, two cables, August 15, 1944, in FRUS: 1944, III, 1374–77; GFK, Memoirs, I, 210–11. Kennan erroneously recalls Harriman and Clark Kerr as having been received on this occasion by Stalin himself.
27 Ibid., p. 211; GFK interview, September 7, 1983, p. 18.
28 GFK to Harriman, September 18, 1944, GFK Papers, 140:6. GFK misdates this memorandum as December 16, 1944, in his Memoirs, I, 222.
29 GFK to Harriman, October 3, 1944, with Harriman annotation, Harriman Papers, Box 174; GFK interview, August 25, 1982, p. 19; Berlin interview, November 29, 1992, p. 1; Harriman to JLG, September 23, 1982, JLG Papers; Harriman interview, p. 5.
30 The full text, dated “September, 1944,” is in DSR-DF 1940–44, 861.00/2–1445, although the date stamp shows that it was not received in the department until February 1945. It also appears in GFK, Memoirs, I, 503–31; and excerpts were published in FRUS: 1944, IV, 902–14. GFK’s comments on the background of the paper are in a letter to R. Gordon Wasson, December 7, 1949, GFK Papers, 140:1; and in a note to Harriman’s aide, Robert Meiklejohn, attached to the copy in the Harry Hopkins Papers, Box 217, “1st Russia” folder. I am indebted to Vladimir Pechatnov for this last reference.
31 The actual figure, it is now clear, was closer to 27 million.
32 GFK, Memoirs, I, 230–31; GFK to Wasson, December 7, 1949, GFK Papers, 140:1. See also note 30.
33 GFK to JKH, January 25, 1945, GFK Papers, 28:10; Betty MacDonald, Egg and I (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1945).
34 GFK to Bohlen, January 26, 1945, Bohlen Papers, Box 1, “Personal Correspondence, 1944–46,” National Archives; Hessman interview, September 24, 1982, pp. 2–3.
35 Bohlen’s undated reply, together with his comments on the Kennan letter, are in Witness to History, pp. 174–77. See also ibid., pp. 208–9; Bohlen interview by Wright; and GFK interview, August 25, 1982, p. 8.
36 John and Patricia Davies interview, December 7, 1982, pp. 1–2, 12.
37 Sulzberger Diary, March 23, 1945, in Sulzberger, Long Row of Candles, p. 250; Mautner interview, p. 2; Roberts interview, p. 5; John Paton Davies interview, December 8, 1982, p. 1; Davies, Dragon by the Tail, p. 390.
38 Harriman to Hopkins, September 10, 1944, in FRUS: 1944, IV, 988; Harriman interview, p. 2. See also GFK, Memoirs, I, 221.
39 GFK to Louis Fischer, October 4, 1954, GFK Papers, 13:8. Harriman’s memorandum, drafted on April 10, 1945, is quoted in Miscamble, From Roosevelt to Truman, p. 83.
40 JEK to JLG, April 7, 2008, JLG Papers.
41 Bohlen notes, Truman-Harriman conversation, April 20, 1945, in FRUS: 1945, V, 232–33.
42 Bohlen notes, Truman-Molotov conversation, April 23, 1945, ibid., pp. 256–58. See also Harriman and Abel, Special Envoy, pp. 453–54; and Miscamble, From Roosevelt to Truman, pp. 113–23.
43 Gaddis, United States and the Origins of the Cold War, pp. 205–15, 224–30; also MacLean, Joseph E. Davies, pp. 133–49.
44 GFK to State Department, April 20, 1945, Department of State, Record Group 84, Moscow Harriman Telegrams, Box 4, #111, OWI; GFK to State Department, April 23, 1945, ibid., Box 1, #23 China; GFK to State Department, April 27 and 28, 1945, ibid., Box 6, #155, Reparations Commission; GFK to State Department, April 30, 1945, ibid., Box 1, #8 Austria; GFK to Elbridge Durbrow, May 4, 1945, ibid., Box 5, #118 Poles; GFK to State Department, May 8, 1945, ibid., Box 6, #161A Rumania. See also Roberts, Dealing with Dictators , pp. 85–86.
45 GFK, Memoirs, I, 240–41. See also C. L. Sulzberger, “Moscow Goes Wild over Joyful News,” New York Times, May 10, 1945.
46 Bullitt to Roosevelt, January 29, 1943, in Bullitt, For the President, pp. 576–90; Forrestal to Homer Ferguson, May 14, 1945, in Millis, Forrestal Diaries, p. 57; Churchill to Truman, May 12, 1945, quoted in Gilbert, “Never Despair,” p. 7.
47 “Russia’s International Position at the Close of the War with Germany,” May 1945, in GFK, Memoirs, I, 532–46.
48 Ibid., pp. 247, 251, 293; GFK interview, January 30, 1991, p. 5.
49 GFK, Memoirs, I, 271. GFK’s first request probably came in a meeting with Foreign Ministry official Semyon K. Tsarapkin on July 6, 1944, at which he mentioned the elder Kennan’s Siberian connection, as well as his popularity with the Russian revolutionaries of that era. See Tsarapkin to Molotov, July 7, 1944, Russian Federation Foreign Policy Archive, Molotov Fond, Opis 6, Papka 46, Delo 610, L 46.
