73 Bohlen interview by Wright, p. 12; Bohlen to Livingston Merchant, August 23, 1955, Bohlen Papers, Box 36, “Correspondence—Special, George Kennan, 1951–70,” Library of Congress. See also Bohlen, Witness to History, p. 312.
74 GFK, Memoirs, II, 165–67.
75 Ibid., p. 168; “GFK Returns, Silent on Moscow Ban,” New York Herald Tribune, November 12, 1952; “GFK Returns to See Acheson,” New York Times, November 12, 1952.
76 GFK, Memoirs, II, 170; JKH to KWK, December 2, 1952, JEK Papers.
77 GFK Diary, March 13, 1953; GFK, Memoirs, II, 170; GFK National War College lecture, “Tasks Ahead in U.S. Foreign Policy,” December 18, 1952, GFK Papers, 300:21.
78 ASK to Frieda Por, December 28, 1952, JEK Papers; GFK to KWK, December 25, 1952, ibid.; ASK interview, September 8, 1983, p. 11.
NINETEEN • FINDING A NICHE: 1953–1955
1 GFK to KWK, December 25, 1952, JEK Papers.
2 GFK, Memoirs, II, 170–71; GFK Diary, July 17, 31, 1950; “Dulles Says U.N. Being Slighted,” New York Times, September 27, 1952; Dulles to Lewis W. Douglas, September 29, 1952, Box 59, “Douglas” folder, Dulles Papers. See also Dulles, “Policy of Boldness”; Dulles to the editors of Commonweal, September 5, 1952, Dulles Papers, Box 59, “Containment” folder; and, for GFK’s differences with Dulles during the Korean War, Chapter Sixteen, above.
3 Dulles to GFK, October 2, 1952, GFK to Dulles, October 22, 1952, Dulles to GFK, October 29, 1952, Dulles Papers, Box 61, “Kennan” folder.
4 See, on this issue, GFK, Memoirs, II, 97–102.
5 Ibid., pp. 170–71; GFK Diary, March 13, 1953. For Marshall’s recollection, see Chapter Eighteen, above.
6 GFK to David Bruce, December 11, 1952, GFK Papers, 139:4; GFK Diary, March 13, 1953; GFK, Memoirs, II, 171; Bohlen, Witness to History, p. 310.
7 Kuhn, “Dulles Policy ‘Dangerous,’ Kennan Says,” Washington Post, January 17, 1953; GFK, Memoirs, II, 174–75; GFK to Matthews, January 18, 1953, copy in GFK Diary, March 13, 1953. The Scranton speech is in GFK Papers, 252:10.
8 GFK, Memoirs, II, 175–76; State Department press conference transcript, January 23, 1953, GFK Papers, Box 252:10; GFK to Jacob Beam, January 25, 1953, ibid., 4:11 GFK to John McSweeney, February 11, 1953, ibid., 139:1–3.
9 ASK to JKH, January 19, 1953, JKH to GFK and ASK, January 19, 1953; GFK to ASK, February 3, 1953, all in JEK Papers.
10 GFK Diary, March 13, 1953; William H. Lawrence, “Dulles Expected to Retire Kennan, Considered Top Expert on Soviet,” New York Times, March 13, 1953.
11 GFK to Oppenheimer, March 15, 1953, Oppenheimer Papers, Box 43; GFK interview, August 26, 1982, pp. 12–13; GFK, Memoirs, II, 176–77, 180. The latter page misdates the meeting as March 14. See also GFK’s retrospective diary account, dated April 6, 1953.
12 Robert J. Ryan memorandum on GFK’s retirement, June 17, 1953, DSR-DF 1950–54, Box 608, “123 Kennan” folder; GFK to Acheson, April 28, 1953, Acheson Papers, 17:222, Yale University; GFK Diary, July 29, 1953; GFK, Memoirs, II, 178, 181, 187–89. GFK mistakenly gives the month here as June.
13 Joseph Alsop and Stewart Alsop, “Kennan’s Insight Will Be Missed,” Washington Post, April 12, 1953; “Who’s On Second?” Chicago Sun-Times, April 15, 1953. For the Bohlen controversy, see his Witness to History, pp. 309–36; and Ruddy, Cautious Diplomat, pp. 109–24. Ferguson’s comment is in GFK, Memoirs, II, 180–81; see also the GFK Diary, April 6, 1953.
14 Eisenhower to Walter Mallory, March 4, 1950, and to GFK, November 3 and December 12, 1950, in Chandler et al., Eisenhower Papers, XI, 1000, 1403–4, 1474; also the transcript of GFK’s Air War College lecture, April 10, 1947, GFK Papers, 298:32; GFK to George S. Franklin, February 2, 1949, ibid.; and GFK to Acheson, November 24, 1950, Acheson Papers, Box 32, Truman Library.
15 GFK interview, August 26, 1982, pp. 12–13.
16 Bowie interview, December 10, 1987, pp. 1–4, 8–9, 15; Berlin interview, pp. 11, 17; William P. Bundy interview, December 6, 1987, p. 7.
17 Hughes to Adams, July 2, 1953, Eisenhower to GFK, July 8, 1953, GFK to Eisenhower, July 24, 1953, Dwight D. Eisenhower Papers, White House Central File: Subject Series, Confidential File, Box 67, Department of State Folder 9 (courtesy of Melvyn P. Leffler). See also Hughes, Ordeal of Power, p. 120n. For the origins of Project Solarium, see Bowie and Immerman, Waging Peace, pp. 123– 27.
18 GFK comments at the Princeton University John Foster Dulles Centennial Conference, February 27, 1988, in Pickett, Kennan and the Origins of Eisenhower’s New Look, pp. 17–19. See also GFK Diary, June 1, 1953.
19 “A Report to the National Security Council by Task Force ‘A’ of Project Solarium,” July 16, 1953, pp. 13–14, 18, 22, 24, 57, Eisenhower Papers, NSC Series, Subject Subseries, Records of the White House Office of the Special Assistant for National Security Affairs.
20 GFK, Memoirs, II, 182; GFK comments at Dulles conference, February 27, 1988, in Pickett, Kennan and the Origins of Eisenhower’s New Look, pp. 19–20.
21 For an extended comparison of GFK’s thinking with that of Eisenhower and Dulles, see Gaddis, Strategies of Containment, pp. 125–96; also Immerman, Dulles and Diplomacy of the Cold War, p. 263.
22 Oppenheimer to GFK, October 6, 1952, GFK to Oppenheimer (telegram and letter), October 14, 1952,
