Berlin: The Downfall 1945

l’Axe, Paris, 2 February

p. 40 ‘The people were predominantly…’, NA RG338, B-627

p. 41 ‘security measures…’, BA-B R55/995, p. 166

p. 41 ‘Their white starved faces’, Kee, pp. 228–9

p. 42 ‘chief physical characteristics…’, Duffy, p. 45

p. 43 ‘less vulnerable…’, Grossman papers, RGALI 1710/3/51, p. 65

p. 43 seven-hour Lagebesprechung, Freytag von Loringhoven, conversation, 4 October 1999

p. 44 ‘He’s not going…’, Klochkov, p. 31

p. 44 ‘disciplined German prisoners’, Grossman papers, RGALI 1710/3/47, p. 3

p. 44 ‘their merciless…’, Chuikov, p. 91

p. 45 NKVD rifle divisions, Meshik to Beria, 27 January, GARF 9401/2/92, p. 263

p. 45 Auschwitz report by Shikin, 9 February, RGASPI 17/125/323, pp. 1–4

p. 46 ‘all prisoners on arrival’, RGASPI 17/125/323, p. 73 p. 47 ‘a serious offence’, Krockow, p. 45

p. 47 ‘Huddled shapes…’, Libussa von Oldershausen, quoted ibid., pp. 48–9

p. 48 ‘in normal times’, 30 January, BA-B R55/616, p. 158

p. 48 Ilse Braun, Gun, pp. 237–8

p. 48 ‘around 4 million…’, 29 January, BA-B R55/616, p. 153

p. 48 7 million, 11 February, BA-B R55/616, p. 183

p. 48 8.35 million, 19 February, BA-B R55/616, p. 211. This included East Prussia, 1.635m; Danzig and West Prussia, 480,000; Pomerania, 881,000; Wartheland, 923,000; Lower Silesia, 2.955m; and Upper Silesia, 745,000

p. 48 ‘The Friedrichstrasse Bahnhof…’, Menzel, p. 116

p. 49 ‘Dogs and Jews…’, Lowenstein, conversation, 14 July 2000

p. 49 ‘infectious diseases…’, BA-B R55/916, p. 57

p. 50 1,800 civilians and 1,200 wounded, BA-B R55/616, p. 155

p. 51 ‘over 6,000 Hitlerites…’, Wilhelm Gustloff and Marinesco, Senyavskaya, 2000, p. 225, n. 19

p. 51 ‘in order to save…’, BA-B R55/616, p. 157

p. 52 ‘These people…’, BA-B R55/616

p. 52 ‘He is of the opinion…’, 18 February, BA-B R55/616, p. 208

p. 52 Czech reaction, 10 March, BA-B R55/616, p. 243

p. 52 ‘the general staff…’, Guderian, p. 397

p. 53 Oberst i.G. Hans Georg Eismann’s account, BA-MA MSg1/976

p. 54 ‘that a blind man’, BA-MA MSg1/976, p. 14

p. 55 ‘Where the German soldier…’, BA-MA MSg1/976, p. 32

p. 55 ‘under these Hitlers and Himmlers’, Krockow, pp. 51–4

5 THE CHARGE TO THE ODER

p. 56 ‘hysteria and disintegration’, Kardorff, p. 281

p. 57 ‘Don’t come back…’, Feuersenger, p. 206

p. 57 evacuation of ministries, NA 740.0011 EW/4–2445

p. 57 executions, see Rurup (ed.), 1997, pp. 167–71

p. 58 ‘He was sometimes hunched…’, Freytag von Loringhoven, conversation, 4 October 1999

p. 59 Eva Braun, Freytag von Loringhoven, conversation, 4 October 1999, and Maiziere, 9 October 1999

p. 60 white tulle, Konev, pp. 38–9

p. 61 ‘Strength through fear’, Thorwald, 1950, p. 103

p. 61 ‘had acted in a correct…’, KA-FU, EI: 18, Vol. 6

p. 61 ‘clearly not sufficient…’, RGVA 32891/1/123, p. 6

p. 62 Breslau refugees on foot, see Thorwald, 1950, pp. 109–13

p. 63 seventy and 100 kilometres, TsAMO 233/2307/189, p. 78

p. 63 ‘When you reach the Oder…’, Zhukov, iv, p. 194

p. 63 Lodz ghetto, Grossman papers, RGALI 1710/3/49

p. 64 ‘Troops of the 1st Polish Army…’, GARF 9401/2/93, p. 334

p. 64 ‘the German civilian’, RGALI 1710/3/51, p. 227

p. 65 ‘Chuikov is sitting…’, RGALI 1710/3/51, p. 229

p. 66 ‘Chuikov listens…’, RGALI 1710/3/51, p. 230

p. 66 Chuikov striking officers, Merezhko, conversation, 10 November 1999

p. 66 ‘We marched out of a forest’, Klochkov, conversation, 25 July 2000, and Klochkov, pp. 34–5

p. 67 ‘Tremble with fear…’, 8th Guards Army, TsAMO 345/5502/93, p. 412

p. 67 ‘Everything is on fire…’, RGALI 1710/3/51, p. 231

p. 68 ‘full of enemy tanks’, BA-MA RH 19XV/9b, p. 172

p. 68 Tiger tanks, BA-MA MSg1/976, p. 39

p. 68 ‘Tod und Strafe fur Pflichtvergessenheit’, BA-MA RH 19 XV/9b, p. 193

p. 68 food for retreating troops, BA-MA RH 19 XV/9b, p. 195

p. 68 ‘The Lord God…’, BA-MA RH 19 XV/28, pp. 1–4

p. 68 ‘left his town…’, IfZ Fa 91/5, p. 1,253

p. 69 ‘Captured German generals…’, Petrov and Kobulov to Beria, 30 January, GARF 9401/2/92, pp. 283–8

p. 69 capture of Kienitz, Le Tissier, Zhukov on the Oder, p. 35

p. 70 ‘Happiness in the…’, Walter Beier, Ramm, 1994, p. 165

p. 72 ‘Stalin ante portas!’, Oven, p. 229

p. 72 Wachregiment Grossdeutsch land, Obergefreiter Harald Arndt, quoted Ramm, 1994, p. 268

p. 72 ‘Our honour is called loyalty’, Baumgart, quoted ibid., p. 61

p. 72 ‘marked uncomradely…’, BA-MA 332, pp. 656, 709–11

p. 73 ‘enthusiasm and fanaticism’, BA-B R55/1305

p. 73 ‘with comradely greetings’, BA-B R55/I305

p. 74 Panzerjagd Division, Guderian, p. 411

p. 74 ‘ein absoluter Schwindel!’, BA-B R55/916, p. 63

p. 74 ‘political leaders’, BLHA Pr. Br. Rep. 61B/20

p. 74 ‘Golden Pheasant’, Kardorff, p. 291

p. 75 ‘Suffered from bombing’, Bormann diary, GARF 9401/2/97, pp. 32–48

p. 75 ‘Evacuation Situation’, 10 February, BA-B R55/616, p. 172

6 EAST AND WEST

p. 78 Yalta accommodation, Alanbrooke, p. 657