Penetrated by mujahedin 136
Politburo decides to supply specialists and arms, March 1979 49
Short-lived success of assault on Zhawar caves 214
Size, 1979 and 1989 136
Afghan government 124
Accused of betraying Islam 51
Counterproductive policies 123
Exploits divisions among Soviets 61
Fails to mend its ways 53
Issues radical programme 42
Loses authority 59
Panics after Herat rising 7
Signs bilateral agreement with Pakistan 281
Unable to hold territory captured by the Russians 216
Afghan syndrome
Afghanistan 299, 316–17
American interest revives, 1977 33
American invasion, 2001 325
Americans consider incorporating into Baghdad Pact 30
Attempts at modernisation 15
Briefly invaded by Soviets in 1929 29
British and Russian paranoia 23
British designs on 24
Burdensome legacy of Durand Line 28
Destruction after 1979 328
Geography, people, history 12
German influence 30
Good relations with Soviets after 1919 28
Ideal for guerilla warfare 128
Impact of Soviet war 331
Post-war attitudes of Afghans 335
Resistance to Communists spreads 58
Russian designs on 18
Situation deteriorates, Autumn 1979 75
Soviet Congress condemns invasion 328
Afsotr, Afghan-Soviet Transport Company 209, 300
Ahmad Shah Abdali (c.1722–73), Afghan ruler 13–14
Aid
Brings Russians few political dividends 148
Figures for Soviet aid 147
Given by Americans, Russians and Germans before 1979 146
Major Soviet irrigation project 147
Practical value of Soviet aid unclear 148
Russians build Polytechnic Institute in Kabul 148
Soviet aid to Najibullah 296
Ainaksk copper mine 240
Akbari, head of Afghan security police 59
Al-Azhar University, Cairo 17
Aleksandrov-Agentov Andrei, Brezhnev’s diplomatic adviser 42
Aleksievich Svetlana, Soviet journalist 323
Aliev Mahmed, Soviet adviser 105–6
Alksnis Colonel Viktor, critic of Gorbachev 309
Alliance of Seven 200–201
Islamic Party of Afghanistan 202
Islamic Party of Afghanistan (Hekmatyar) 184
Islamic Society of Afghanistan (Rabbani) 184
Amanullah Shah (1892–1960), Afghan ruler 15–17, 29, 34
Amin Hafizullah (1929–79), Afghan Communist President 7, 42, 59–60, 62–9, 73–4, 77–8, 82, 90
Abortive KGB attempts to kill him 94
Accuses Soviet ambassador of lying 72
Afghan people welcomes overthrow 106–7
Alleged contacts with Americans 40, 71
Co founder of Afghan Communist party 17
Death of 98
Furious reaction to Soviet protest 71
Gives orders that aircraft using Bagram be shot down 68
Moscow begins to think of removing him 74
Moves to Taj Bek palace 89
Poisoned at lunch 95
Strengthens hold on power 58
Purges officer corps 136
Amin’s palace cat 102
Amstutz Bruce, US charge d’affairs 71, 79
Amu Darya (Oxus) river 18–19, 27–8, 87, 142, 146, 205
Anava, village in Pandsher valley 182, 216
Andrianov Vladimir, orientalist, criticises war 245
Andropov Yuri (1914–84), Chairman of KGB 49, 52, 56, 74, 79, 109, 123, 237, 324
Accuses Amin of contacts with CIA 77
Congratulates Karmal on assumption of power 103
Considers covert ways of removing Amin 63
Determined to get rid of Amin 73
Illness and death, January 1984 271
Member of Committee on Afghanistan 60
Reports that situation in Kabul is becoming more stable, February 1980 270
Sets up Kaskad special forces unit 134
Succeeds Brezhnev, November 1982 271
Views on Afghan request to send troops 46
Anglo-Afghan wars 15
Antonenko Colonel, Commander of 860th Regiment, views on women 157
Anwar, mujahedin commander 183
Arg (Presidential palace) 34, 41, 63, 82, 89–90, 139
Army of the Indus 283, 297
Arutiunov Lieutenant 220
Asadabad, Afghan town 133
Asadullah, head of Afghan counterintelligence 94
Atrocities 225, 234, 244–5, 302
Afghanistan Justice Project report 231
Collateral Damage 230
Committed by mujahedin 214, 227, 232, 254, 296
