The Bin Ladens

1993, citing a press release from Newfield Enterprises International, a family holding company. “heart of hearts… next king”: Interview with Wyche Fowler, June 1, 2005.

6. “abrupt, impulsive…popular”: in Burdett (ed.), Records of Saudi Arabia, 1966–1971, Volume 2: 1967, Part I.

7. CIA request, all quotations from Scheuer: Interview with Michael Scheuer, July 5, 2005. Clarke on Yemen: Clarke, Against All Enemies, p. 59.

8. Interviews with four former U.S. officials familiar with the bugging incident and its aftermath. Robert Baer, a former CIA officer, in his book Sleeping with the Devil, apparently tried to disclose this incident publicly for the first time but had the material redacted by CIA censors, to whom he was required to submit his manuscript because of his previous government service. To show readers where censors had taken out material from his draft, Baer inserted black lines in his published book. On page 18, he wrote, “I often wondered why [Nayef] hated the U.S. so much.” This sentence is followed by five redacted lines. (Baer was not a source for the disclosure here, so it is possible that he was trying to make a different point.)

32. THE AESTHETICS OF WORSHIP

1. Hammoudi, A Season in Mecca. “Through the window…firmament”: pp. 74–75. “shop-windows…neon-lit boards”: pp. 82–84. “‘Modernity’ ravaged everything”: p. 111.

2. Ibid., pp. 109–15.

3. “deliberate desire”: Ibid., p. 114. The $25 billion figure is regularly cited in press accounts, e.g., Time, October 7, 2001. The Bin Ladens themselves, in their self-published book Story of the Great Expansion, refer to “more than 50 billion Saudi riyals” in total spending, or at least $12 billion.

4. Prophet’s Mosque about one-tenth the size of the Grand Mosque: Abbas, Story of the Great Expansion, p. 371. Other details of the projects, and their sequence, are drawn from this official Bin Laden company account.

5. Interview with Anwar Hassan, York International Corporation, October 13, 2005, and written briefing materials supplied to the author by Hassan and his colleagues.

6. All quotations from Hassan interview, ibid.

7. Angawi’s background and “to preserve…holy cities”: Interview with Sami Angawi, April 25, 2005.

8. Ibid.

9. “The largest…souls”: Caudill, “Twlight of the Hejaz” (manuscript), pp. 74–75.

10. Story of the Great Expansion, op. cit., pp. 51–64.

11. Interview with Angawi, op. cit.

12. “This is where…heritage”: Interview with a Jeddah professional who asked to not be identified.

13. Interview with Angawi, op. cit.

14. Ibid.

15. Story of the Great Expansion, op. cit., dedication by Bakr Bin Laden.

16. All quotations from “The Saudi Regime and Repeated Tragedies of the Pilgrims,” Harmony AFGP 2002- 003214, Statement 19.

33. ONE PHONE, ONE WORLD

1. Independent (London), May 18, 1998.

2. Whalen, “Communications Satellites: Making the Global Village Possible,” www.hq.nasa.gov, examined and typed, July 17, 2006.

3. Around 1987, about $5 billion: New York Times, April 11, 2000. Motorola’s fixed-price contract of about $3.5 billion: Securities and Exchange Commission, Iridium LLC, S-4 filing, July 21, 1997.

4. Swiss conference, “drop down…”: Telephone interview with F. Thomas Tuttle, July 19, 2006.

5. Trinford Investments: S-4 filing, op. cit., July 21, 1997. The two $40 million cash contributions are described in this document and by Tuttle, ibid., and a second former Iridium executive who asked to not be identified. Raised $3.46 billion: S-4, ibid. The final amount of equity investments may have been higher; it was supplemented by bank lending.

6. Iridium Middle East in Washington, Hassan at board meetings: Interviews with four former executives, three at Iridium, including Tuttle, who were familiar with the operation.

7. Johnny Walker sessions, and “has been ex-communicated”: Interview with a former Iridium executive. Hassan’s nocturnal habits were described in interviews by two former colleagues in the United States and several of his acquaintances in Beirut and Jeddah.

8. Major shareholder in Hard Rock Middle East: E-mail communication from Hard Rock spokesman, January 23, 2006. Slang, every pinball machine: Interview with a colleague in Beirut who asked to not be identified. Youth in Beirut, Layla, lived in hotels: Telephone interview with Layla Moussa, April 24, 2006 (RS). Cars, Al-Ittihad, Umm Kulsum: Interview with the Beirut colleague, op. cit., and a second Beirut acquaintance.

9. Opening night, list of paraphernalia: Interview with a colleague who attended; details posted on the restaurant’s Web site, examined and typed by R.S., April 2006; site visit by R.S., April 2006.

10. Market size, 14 million wireless customers: S-4 filing, op. cit., July 21, 1997. Phones three thousand dollars, calls up to seven dollars per minute: New York Times, April 11, 2000.

11. “complete the telephone…very proud”: Washington Post, August 21, 1999.

12. “I had a Mongolian”: Interview with a former Iridium executive, who asked to not be identified. “What we had”: Interview with Tuttle, op. cit.

13. S-4 filing, op. cit., July 21, 1997.

14. Transcript of Khaled Batarfi interview with Osama’s mother, supplied to the author by Batarfi.

15. “Bin Laden ‘Bodyguard’ Details Al Qaeda’s Time in Sudan, Move to Afghanistan,” Al-Quds Al-Arabi, March 28, 2005. FBIS translation.

16. Public Broadcasting System translation. www.pbs.org/newshour/terrorism/international/fatwa_1996.html, examined and typed, July 10, 2007.

17. “Former Bin Laden ‘Bodyguard’ Discusses Al Qaeda Training Methods, ‘Libraries,’” Al-Quds Al-Arabi, March 26, 2005. FBIS translation.

18. “What is…all and sundry”: ‘Bodyguard Interviewed on First Meeting With Bin Laden,” Al- Quds Al-Arabi, March 26, 2005. FBIS translation.

19. Bergen, The Osama Bin Laden I Know, p. 165.

20. “like sort…a fish”: Ibid., p. 181. “did not like…very late”: “Bin Laden’s Wife Interviewed…” Al-Majallah, March 10, 2002. FBIS translation.

21. Testimony of Detective Inspector Noel Feeney, United States v. Usama Bin Laden et al., United States District Court, Southern District of New York, 98CR1023, March 27, 2001.

22. The News (Islamabad), June 16, 1998. English original, FBIS transmission.

23. Purchase November 1, 1996: Trial stipulations, U.S. v. Usama Bin Laden et al., op. cit., March 27, 2001. Inmarsat history, market position: Interviews with two former Iridium executives.

24. Call records: Sunday Times (London), March 24, 2002, and Newsweek, February 25, 2002.

25. Interview with Michael Scheuer, July 5, 2005.

26. Scheure (as “Anonymous”), Through Our Enemies’ Eyes, pp. 22–23.

27. Interview with Tuttle, op. cit. Statements to press: Daily News (New York),