(1939) 196; trade treaty with Germany 205; treaty with Czechoslovakia 95; winter crisis of the German army 439– 42, 447, 450–56, 490, 499, 516
Spaatz, General Carl 836
Spain: and the Axis 327, 329, 330, 348; Popular Front 13; reprisals for bombing of the
Spandau prison 377, 837
Spanish Civil War 9, 13–17, 23, 71; Guernica 24–5; H and 4, 13–17; Mussolini and 14
Spanish Morocco 14, 16
SPD (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands) xl, xlii, 173, 184, 754
‘Special Commission, 20 July’ 690
Special Operations Executive (SOE) 518, 519
Speer, Albert 19, 32, 150, 350, 559, 571, 611, 612, 613, 696, 773, 774–5, 791, 798, 799, 834; Armaments Minister 504, 519, 554, 563, 567, 635, 706, 711–12, 823; and the atomic bomb 731; the Berlin Olympics 6; blames Goebbels for the ‘excesses’ 149; and Citadel 580; and the Committee of Three 568–9, 569–70; court favourite 183, 199, 227, 503; driving ambition 503, 504; Goebbels reproaches over FHQ security 678; H’s reaction to Hee’s flight 371; knee operation 633; life after prison 837; memorandum of 15 March 1945 784–5; Messerschmitt production 621; New Reich Chancellery 167; organizational talent 503; the Paris visit 299, 300; position weakens 715; the rebuilding of Berlin 35, 366; relations with H 35, 105, 503–4; his return to the Berghof ‘family’ 634; taste in architecture 35; unable to break free from H 806; and the uprising (1944) 679
Speidel, Major-General Hans 660
Spengler, Oswald:
Sperrle, Field-Marshal Hugo 70, 503, 649
Sponeck, Hans Graf von 455
SS (Schutszstaffel; Protection Squad) 313, 314, 358, 625; arbitrary police lawlessness 692; armed wing 129; attempts to deport Poles from the Lublin area 589; and Auschwitz-Birkenau 767–8; conflict with the Wehrmacht 465; deportations by 318–19; determined to be masters of Germany and Europe 129; and ‘euthanasia action’ 261; and filmed executions 693; and the ‘Final Solution’ 604; frees Mussolini 602; and H’s personal security 660, 769; and Hungarian Jews 736; involvement in the ‘Jewish Question’ 86, 139; Kube and 406–7; legacy of the Blomberg-Fritsch affair 94; Lohse and 406; massacres of Ukrainian Jews 668; mission of 130; motto 819; Poland seen as an experimental playground 235; and a potential German attack on Poland 179; and power 64, 234; relations with the army 247, 248; reprisals for Heydrich’s assassination 519; transfer of responsibility for Jewish forced emigration 147; and the Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz 242; and the Volkstumskampf 243
SS-Division ‘Berlin’ 798
Staaken aerodrome 801
Stalin, Joseph xvii, 194, 276, 328, 336, 386, 422, 470, 518, 527, 612, 728, 729, 730, 782, 788; and ‘Barbarossa’ 412, 416; and Bolshevism 285, 292; deportation of Volga Germans 477–8; destroys own officer corps 308; H admires his brutality 401, 772; and the Hee affair 379–80; invades Poland from the east 236; involvement in military affairs 453; Jewish influence 490; military incompetence 394; mutual distrust of H 331; non-aggression pact with Germany 205, 210–11; opposes a Polish rump state 238; partisan war 395; and Poland 195, 196; pressure on the Balkan states 305; purges 286, 688, 699; show-trials 689; speech to the Communist Party Congress (March 1939) 195; at Yalta 761, 778
Stalingrad 416, 435, 438, 497, 528–31, 533, 563, 578, 579, 619, 625, 647, 659, 663, 723, 752; the 6th Army is completely encircled 543; attempt to break the siege fails 545; battle for 534–8, 540, 544–50; H blames Germany’s allies 553–4; reaction to the fate of the 6th Army 551–2, 556–7
Stalino 532
Stauffenberg, Berthold 683, 690
Stauffenberg, Colonel Claus Schenk Graf von 651, 653, 655, 656, 657, 660, 664, 667–73, 675, 677, 681, 682, 683, 688, 689, 691, 695, 698, 699, 702, 705, 706, 715, 727
Steinau river 759
Steiner, SS-Obergruppenfuhrer Felix 793, 802, 803, 814, 817, 818
‘Sterilization Law’ 256 sterilization programmes 234, 255, 259
Stettin 261, 290, 319
Stevens, Major R.H. 271
Steyr 160
Stieff, Major-General Hellmuth 661, 665, 669, 670, 671, 690, 692
Stockholm 816
Straits of Messina 599
Straits of Kerch 600
Straits of Sicily 585
Stralsund 261
Strang, William no Strasbourg 745
Strasser, Gregor 372, 373, 648, 755
Strasser, Otto 271
Straue, Adolf 455
Straue, Johann 634
Strauss, Richard 455; the Berlin Olympics 6;
Streicher, Julius 200, 320, 374, 837; the Nazi Party’s Jew-baiter-in-chief 132 ‘Strength Through Joy’ xl, 350
Stroop, SS-Brigadefuhrer Jurgen 589, 837
Stuckart, Wilhelm 80, 245
Student, General Kurt 367
Stulpnagel, General Karl Heinrich von 678, 733
Stulpnagel, General Otto von 269
Stumpfegger, SS-Obersturmbannfuhrer
Ludwig 727, 824–5, 833–4
Stumpff, Colonel-General Hans-Jurgen 836
Stuttgart 139, 685, 746
Styria province, Austria 73, 160, 698
Suchum 530
Sudeten German League 113
Sudeten German Party (Congress, Carlsbad, April 1938) 96
Sudeten Question 99, 108, 111, 121;
Sukhinichi 531 survival of the fittest xli
swastika: at the Berlin Olympics 6
Sweden 194, 402, 604, 617, 817
Swinemunde 176, 261
Switzerland 267, 273, 274, 676, 817
Sword Beach 640
Syria 189
Szalasi, Ferencz 734, 735, 736
Sztojay, Dome 627, 628, 640, 734
T4 (euthanasia action code-name) 260–1, 429, 430
Taganrog 526
Tannenberg, Battle of 197, 214
Tannenberg, first battle of 725
Tarnopol 629
