The End

police force 23, 67, 73, 74, 84, 85, 149, 190, 208, 216–17, 219, 276, 296, 320, 333, 335, 391

decentralization 226

suicide by members of (April 1945–on) 356

see also military police; SS

Polish Home Army 93

Polish Jews 117, 123, 214

numbers killed 214

Polish troops, in Red Army 174

see also Poland

political prisoners 228, 328, 333, 382

see also communists

Pollex, Colonel Curt 154, 155, 269–70

Pomerania 104, 174, 177–8, 183, 204, 247, 250, 270, 284, 366, 388

Posen 168, 174

Gauleiter Greiser’s flight from 214–16

postal services 75, 76, 145, 275

power supplies 137, 139, 140, 148, 162, 190, 193, 275, 276, 294, 345

see also coal supplies

Prague uprising (May 1945) 370

press/media 6, 75, 76, 103, 222, 242, 276, 345

criticism of 186–7

see also individual newspaper titles

prisoners of war 107, 109

Allied 160, 243; American 156; German murder of 156

Geneva Convention on 259

German, in Allied hands 32, 56, 70, 71, 154, 160, 196, 211, 226, 255, 260–61, 267–9, 270, 306, 315, 369; in Australia 306; in Soviet hands 94, 252, 368, 369, 371; from Army Group Centre 375; deaths among 375

in Germany 18, 83, 104, 125, 143, 237, 238, 254, 381–2

propaganda 7, 9–10, 20, 23, 24, 31, 61, 72, 105, 106, 121, 140, 142, 157, 159, 186, 187, 212, 242, 259, 279– 80, 318, 345, 390

anti-American/British 238–9, 257, 279–80

anti-Bolshevik 98, 187, 195, 223–4, 313, 356, 394

anti-Jewish 123–4, 208

as counter-productive 115–17, 208, 209, 213, 222–3, 256–7

on Dresden bombing 238–9

Kolberg (propaganda film) 147–8, 250, 276

loyalty rallies 31

on Red Army atrocities 112–17, 118, 120

Special Action of the Party Chancellery speakers 256–8

in support of Nazi Party 258

verbal 222–3, 256–8

see also Soviet propaganda

Prussia see East Prussia

public opinion 18, 20, 99, 106–7

on von Stauffenberg assassination plot 31–3

see also Hitler, German allegiance to; morale

von Puckler-Burghaus, SS-Gruppenfuhrer Carl Graf 370

racial enemies concept 9–10, 184, 208

‘inferiors’ 208, 226

see also Jews

Rahn, Rudolf (German ambassador to Italy) 364, 366

railways 22, 63, 64, 65, 66, 76, 102, 103, 135, 139, 151, 152, 173, 177–8, 184, 211, 213, 239, 275, 299

Allied bombing, effect on 79, 82, 136, 137, 140, 143

see also transport

Rastenburg see Wolf’s Lair

Ratibor 252

Ravensbruck concentration camp (for women) 330, 334, 336

raw materials, supplies of 80, 93, 94, 131, 244

distribution 135–6

see also coal supplies; iron/steel production

Red Army

American Army, meeting up with (April 1945) 339

in Austria 301, 316

Berlin, advance on 168, 173, 174, 175, 250, 253, 293, 294, 300–302, 308, 315–21, 324; encirclement of 337– 47

in Bohemia (Czechoslovakia) 370, 373–4

drunkenness among 189

German civilians’ fear of 11, 12, 18, 91, 98–100, 105, 107, 108, 112–14, 117–18, 119, 120–22, 164–5, 177–84, 223–4, 270, 271, 273, 313, 324, 245, 349, 355, 356–8, 394, 395

German civilians, treatment of 176–86; labour camps, deportation to 181

Germany, offensive against (Summer 1944) 17, 24, 27, 28, 32, 33, 46, 49, 75, 92–6, 102

Germany, invasion of (October 1944–on) 17, 110–22, 123, 131, 132, 165–6, 167–206, 219, 247, 250–53, 259, 393–4; aims/objectives 168; Guderian on 110; maps of 175, 248, 249; troop numbers 168, 169; see also Berlin, advance on above

Hitler on 118

Hungary, invasion of (1944) 131, 132, 151, 170, 284, 316

looting by 357

Poland, advance into (1944) 15, 112, 167, 169, 171, 174, 176

Polish troops in 174

strategic planning 388

superiority of 168, 170–71

troop numbers 168, 169, 301

see also Soviet Union

Red Army atrocities 98, 180–81, 188, 357–8, 370, 394

at Nemmersdorf 110, 111, 112–14, 176, 394; Nazi propaganda based on 114–17, 120, 122

Hitler on 118

Jews, treatment of 394

Nazi propaganda on 112–17, 118, 120

Red Cross see German Red Cross; Swedish Red Cross

refugees see evacuation, of civilian population

Regensburg 342–3

Das Reich (newspaper) 239

Reich Chancellery 25, 38, 39, 40, 42, 162

Allied bombing (February 1945) 242

building 24, 295

Fuhrer bunker see Hitler, Adolf, in Berlin

Reich Iron Federation 136