were turning the flow of silver fishes farther and farther offshore into the Gulf.
A newcomer, Jim Cole, was pleased by this evidence of human progress. Cole was soon in business with Captain Francis Hendry and son James in Cole & Hendry's general store, which in those days specialized in lumber. He called himself a cattleman, though from the start, this man seems to have been a dealer, less interested in cattle than quick sales. Cole also called himself a 'boomer,' since he aimed to make a boomtown of Fort Myers. His was the first place of business to install a kerosene street lamp and a sidewalk of white shell, barged from the gouged Indian mounds upriver. The year after his arrival, he pushed through the incorporation of the town, and within two years, his name-by now synonymous with the town's progress-was chronically cited in the Fort Myers Press for bold and exemplary civic deeds. He soon sold his share of Cole & Hendry to another cattleman, Dr. T.E. Langford, and the year after that he bought a Langford & Hendry cattle schooner, the old Lily White, after which he dubbed himself 'Captain Cole,' though never a soldier or ship's captain in his life.
With the Democratic victory in 1886, Cole organized the cattlemen in a crusade to create a brave new county named in honor of the Confederate general Robert E. Lee. Frustrated by lack of roads and rail, by the withholding of Monroe County funds for a bridge to the north bank of the river, and by the lack of interest shown by Monroe County officials in faraway Key West, the cattlemen sought to separate the north part of Monroe as Lee County, with Fort Myers as the county seat. The 'county fathers,' Captains F.A. Hendry and Jim Cole, were made county commissioners, and it was Cole who rammed through Doc Langford's cousin as first county sheriff, a job 'ol' T.W.' performed without risk or distinction until a young cowhand named Frank B. Tippins swept him out of office twelve years later.
In 1887, a west coast railroad terminus was finally established, not at Fort Myers but at Punta Gorda, thirty miles off to the north. As cattleman-trader Francis Hendry would observe, 'America is moving, and Fort Myers has been left behind.' With no bridge across the Calusa Hatchee and no roads, the town on the broad tranquil river remained cut off from the rest of the country except by sea, and commerce was limited to nonperishable export products-otter and raccoon pelts, deer and alligator hides, bird plumes, taxidermy specimens, sugar and molasses, and beef cattle. The cattle trade to Cuba was worth far more than all the other businesses combined.
In the year of the financial panic, 1893 (when E.J. Watson arrived in the region), the cattle industry on which the town depended suffered badly, and so did the growing trade in wild animal parts. But the following year, big freezes farther north in Florida drove many citrus growers south to the Calusa River. A rise in land values, a first rush of investment, was consolidated a few years later by new cattle profits from the Spanish- American War.
Without a railroad or a road bridge to link it to the outside world, Fort Myers remained a muddy cow town, or a dusty one, depending on the season. The cattle docks at Punta Rassa that T.E. 'Doc' Langford and James Hendry had bought in the eighties from Jake Summerlin were still the foundation of the Fort Myers economy, as the cattlemen-traders extended their concerns to land development, rail commerce, and banking.
Under the circumstances, you will understand how significant it was that within five years of his arrival in the region, Mr. Watson's daughter Carrie married T.E. Langford's son.
Meanwhile, Mr. Watson's bouts of violent carousing were restricted to the seaports of Key West and Tampa. There is no report of intemperate behavior in Everglade or Chokoloskee, where his friends and neighbors had most chance to observe him, nor in Fort Myers, where his genteel family came to live. His son-in-law, Walter G. Langford, was a friend of Sheriff Frank B. Tippins from their cowboy days, which doubtless encouraged a certain lenience towards Langford's father-in-law. In addition, Mr. Watson was protected by Langford's powerful friends, including the aforementioned Jim Cole.
MARCH 3, 1898. What a momentous year, and scarcely started!
On January 1st, electric light came on for the first time at the new Fort Myers Hotel, and also in several business establishments, Langford & Hendry, for one. (Of course, our 'fair city' has had electric light since 1887, when Mr. Edison lit up his Seminole Lodge. That glorious blaze was the first electric lighting in the land, claims Captain Cole, but he warns us not to pester Mr. Edison on that point. He's scared we might find out it isn't so!)
On February 16, our international telegraph station at Punta Rassa got the very first word in all America about the explosion of the great battleship Maine while lying peacefully at anchor in Havana Harbor! 260 young Americans, killed in their sleep! The 'dastardly Spaniards,' as our paper calls them, claim it was the ship's own magazines, but no one who wants the Spanish 'off our doorstep' is going to believe that for a minute.
And here is the third historic piece of news! On 8 July, Miss Carrie Watson will marry Mr. Walter G. Langford of this city!
In the evening Walter walks me down to the new hotel to see the new electric lights and the beautiful royal palms, and attend the weekly concerts of the Fort Myers Brass Band at the new bandstand. The whole town turns out to hear patriotic airs in honor of 'our brave boys' in Cuba, who have brought so much prosperity to our town. Afterwards, if there is room, he 'courts' me-whatever can that mean?-on the old wood bench beneath the banyan tree just opposite the Baptist church, from where our good shepherd, Mr. Whidden, can spy on us young 'lovers' through his narrow windows.
Who would have thought 'the Union banner' would ever be cheered here in Fort Myers? Well, Stars and Stripes are everywhere! What must it be like at Key West Harbor! And now we're after the 'd____________________ Spaniards' in the Philippines!
Remember the Maine! our cowboys yell, galloping through the streets, raising such dust! We're shipping our cattle to Cuba again, not for those cruel Spaniards this time but for Teddy Roosevelt's Rough Riders. The Hendrys and Summerlins, Captain Jim Cole and the Langfords are feeling very patriotic these days. Captain Cole says it right out, 'War is the best damned business that there is!' (To which Papa retorts, 'These civic leaders use up too much air!')
Mama deplores the cattlemen's tin patriotism, all this misty-eyed flag-waving and fine speechifying. Our brave young men, who have no say about it, are sent off to be killed so that thick-bodied old businessmen can wave the flag and prosper off our 'splendid little war,' as some politician dared call it. (How 'splendid' is it for those scared homesick boys who do the dying? Mama asks.)
Papa, too, is fiercely patriotic (although the words 'brave Yankee boys' still set his teeth on edge), but seeing the Langfords and Mr. Cole make so much money off this 'Yankee War' has made him cynical. The Watsons were planters in South Carolina when these people were still 'ridge-runners,' as he calls them, and he'll be d--d, says he, if he'll let himself be patronized by this 'redneck gentry.'
Walter calls Jim Cole a 'man's man,' while admitting he is a 'rough diamond.' I can't find any diamond in the man, a hard dull glint is all I see. Dear Walter has his weaknesses, like whiskey, but he is kind, that's why folks like him. Captain Cole has no give to him, Mama observes, and knowing this, he takes Walter along to 'grease' his business dealings-this is Papa talking.
Walter would like to 'go bag him a Spaniard,' but he cannot abandon his mother when his father is so ill, so he'll stay home and learn his father's business. Dr. Langford is an excellent doctor, he takes good care of Mama, but in recent years-Papa again-his keen interest in finance makes him pay more mind to cattle than to people. 'Doc' Langford and Mr. Cole are grazing stock at Raulerson Prairie at Cape Sable, but Papa says the horseflies and mosquitoes will show them what damn fools they are if the poor coast grass doesn't starve their cattle first. If Papa didn't rest his cows in a screened shed between sunset and sunup, they would run out of blood, he says, let alone milk.
Papa met Jose Marti in Key West, and admired his Cuban Revolutionary Party, but he says we should not fool ourselves about our interests. He hates the Spaniards as sincerely as the next man, but says the U.S. picked this fight in Cuba, Maine or no Maine, it's just an excuse to clean Spain out of our hemisphere once and for all, and grab the Philippines and Puerto Rico while we're at it. The War
