GLQ: AJournalof Gay and Lesbian Studies 10, no. 2 (2004): 179—209; Aaron H. Devor, “Erickson Education Foundation,” in The Encyclopedia of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender History in America (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2003); Holly Devor, “Reed Erickson (1912— 1992): How One Transsexual Man Supported ONE,” in Vern Bullough, ed., Before Stonewall: Activists for Gay and Lesbian Rights in Historical Context (New York: Haworth Press, 2002), 330.
the name of the Erickson Educational Foundation (EEF) came up from time to time Telephone interview with Aaron Devor, Ph.D., June 10, 2002.
Dr. John Money, psychologist at Johns Hopkins Harry Benjamin in Money and Green, Transseuxalism and Sex Reassignment, 7.
for a number of months, maybe even years John Colapinto, As Nature Made Him: The Story of the Boy Who Was Raised as a Girl (New York: HarperCollins, 2000), 36.
The press release announcing the opening of the Johns Hopkins Gender Identity Clinic Issued on November 21,1966.
at “my instigation it had been formally named the Gender Identity Clinic” Money, Gendermaps, 24.
The former… resented its parsimonious approach to patient care See for example Dallas Denny, “The Politics of Diagnosis and a Diagnosis of Politics: The University Gender Clinics and How They Failed to Meet the Needs of Transsexual People,” Chrysalis Quarterly i, no. 3 (1991): 9— 20.
The Johns Hopkins transsexual program “Memorial,” 16.
The surgeons were saying to me Author interview with Paul McHugh, Baltimore, Md., June 2002.
The Meyer study Jon K. Meyer and Donna J. Reter, “Sex Reassignment: Follow- Up,” Archives General Psychiatry 36 (August 1979). Other follow-up studies include Michael Fleming, Carol Steinman, and Gene Bocknek, “Methodological Problems in Assessing Sex-Reassignment Surgery: A Reply to Meyer and Reter,” originally published in Archives of Sexual Behavior 9 (1980): 451-56, available online at http://www.symposion.com/ijt/ijtco40i.htm; K. Jarrar, E. Wolff, and W. Weidner, “Long-Term Outcome of Gender Reassignment in Male Transsexuals,” Urologe A 35, no. 4 (July 1996): 331-37; J- Rehman, S. Lazer, A. E. Benet, et al., “The Reported Sex and Surgery Satisfactions of 28 Postoperative Male to Female Transsexual Patients,” Archives of Sexual Behavior 28, no. 1 (February 1999): 71-89; P. Snaith, M. J. Tarsh, and R. Reid, “Sex Reassignment Surgery— A Study of 141 Dutch Transsexuals,” British Journal of Psychiatry 162 (May 1993): 681-85; C. Matekole, M. Freschi, and A. Robin, “A Controlled Study of Psychological and Social Change after Surgical Gender Reassignment in Selected Male Transsexuals,” British Journal of Psychiatry 157 (August 1990): 261-64.
Critics have noted that Michael Fleming, Carol Steinmen, and Gene Bock-neck, “Methodological Problems in Assessing Sex-Reassignment Surgery: A Reply to Meyer and Reter,” originally published in Archives of Sexual Behavior 9 (1980): 451-56, available online at http://wwwsymposion xom/ijt/ijtco40i.htm
There are far too many fags and TVs Patricia Morgan (as told to Paul Hoffman), The Man-Made Doll (Seacaucus, N.J.: Lyle Stuart, Inc., 1972), 112—13.
In an article published in the Western Journal of Medicine, May 1974, Dr. Norman Fisk of the Stanford Gender Identity Clinic describes the physical and emotional effects of “chop shop” surgery:All too often we see rather pathetic examples of patients who have acted impulsively or injudiciously and have sought surgical sex conversion by means which they consider to be most expedient. It is well known that this particular group of patients are extremely vulnerable to easy exploitation by charlatans and quacks. The tragic results are seen in persons who have had inadequate surgical operations and are not able to perform sexually either with ease or, in some instances, at all. These people represent a rather disparate and intensely frustrated and desperate group who require, when possible, expert surgical revision of procedures previously poorly done. Ofttimes the flagrant exploitation of these patients also includes participation in illicit markets for sex steroids, silicone injections and rather poorly performed ancillary surgical cosmetic procedures. It is for these reasons that it is critically important for reputable and responsible physicians to recognize the medical legitimacy of gender disorders and, where possible, to attempt either to successfully treat such patients or to refer them to those who can.
Norman Fiske, “Gender Dysphoria Syndrome—the Conceptualization That Liberalizes Indications for Total Gender Reorientation and Implies a Broadly Based Multi-Dimensional Rehabilitative Regimen,” Western Journal of Medicine 120 (May 1974): 386—91. 130 Back in those days, they used to say Author interview with Beyer.
Hopkins’s cachet with transsexual people Author’s personal communication, Jessica Xavier, June 25, 2002.
In June ic/c/j, Milton Diamondand Keith Sigmundson Milton Diamond and H. K. Sigmundson, “Sex Reassignment at Birth: Long-Term Review and Clinical Implications,” Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 151 (March 1997): 298-304.
Diamond had participated in animal experiments Milton Diamond and W. C. Young, “Differential Responsiveness of Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Guinea Pigs to the Masculinizing Action of Testosterone Propionate,” Endocrinology 72 (1959): 429—38. See also M. Diamond, “Androgen-Induced Masculinization in the Ovariectomized and Hysterectomized Guinea Pig,” Anatomical Record 157 (1963): 47—52; M. Diamond, “Genetic-Endocrine Interaction and Human Psychosexuality,” in M. Diamond, ed., Perspectives in Reproduction and Sexual Behavior (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1968), 417-44. For a complete list of Diamond’s publications, go to http://www.hawaii.edu/PCSS/bibliography/bib19 60.html.
lots of older literature that clued us in See Diamond’s review, “A Critical Evaluation of the Ontogeny of Human Sexual Behavior,” Quarterly Review of Biology 40 (1965): 147—75.
Subsequent experiments by the researcher Roger Gorski and colleagues R. A. Gorski, J. H. Gordon, J. E. Shryne, and A. M. Southam, “Evidence for a Morphological Sex Difference within the Medial Preoptic Area of the Rat Brain,” Brain Research 148 (1978): 333—46; M. Hines, L. S. Allen, and R. A.
Gorski, “Sex Differences in the Subregions of the Medical Nucleus of the Amygdala and the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis of the Rat,” Brain Research 579 (1992): 321—26; L. S. Allen, M. Hines, J. E. Shryne, and R. A. Gorski, “Two Sexually Dimorphic Cell Groups in the Human Brain,” Journal of Neuroscience 9 (1989): 497—506.
In Transsexualism and Sex Reassignment Money, “Psychological Aspects of Transsexualism,” in Green and Money, Transsexualism and Sex Reassignment, 112.
In postmodern socialconstructionist theory Money, Gendermaps, 136.
the studies earned out by Simon Le Fay L. S. Allen, M. Hines, J. E. Shryne, and R. A. Gorski, “Two Sexually Dimorphic Cell Groups in the Human Brain,” Journal of Neuroscience 9 (1989): 497—506; W. C. Chung, G. J. De-Vries, and D. F. Swaab, “Sexual Differentiation of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis in Humans May Extend into Adulthood,” Journal of Neuroscience 22 (2002): 1027—33; J. M. Goldstein, L. H. Seidelman, N. J. Hor-ton, et al., “Normal Sexual Dimorphism of the Adult Human Brain Assessed by in Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging,” Cerebral Cortex 11 (2001): 490-97; J. N. Zhou, M. A. Hoffman, L. J. Gooren, D. F. Swaab, “A Sex Difference in the Human Brain and Its Relation to Transsexuality,” Nature 378, no. 6552 (November 1995): 68-70 (available online at http://www.symposium.com/ijt/ijtco106.htm); Frank P. M. Kruijver, Jiang-Ning Zhou, Chris W. Pool, Michel A. Hoffman, Louis J. G. Gooren, and Dick F Swaab, “Male-to-Female Transsexuals Have Female Neuron Numbers in a Limbic Nucleus,” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 85, no. 5 (2000) 2034—41.
