43
William C. Thompson, Franco Taroni, and Colin G. G. Aitken, 'How the Probability of a False Positive Affects the Value of DNA Evidence', Journal of Forensic Sciences 48, no. 1 (January 2003): 1-8.
44
Ibid., p. 2. The story is recounted in Bill Braun, 'Lawyers Seek to Overturn Rape Conviction', Tulsa World, November 22, 1996. See also www.innocenceproject.org. (Durham was released in 1997.)
45
People v. Collins, 68 Calif. 2d 319, 438 P.2d 33, 66 Cal. Rptr. 497 (1968).
46
Thomas Lyon, private communication.
47
Alan Wykes, Doctor Cardano: Physician Extraordinary (London: Frederick Muller, 1969). See also Oystein Ore, Cardano: The Gambling Scholar, with a translation of Cardano's Book on Games of Chance by Sydney Henry Gould (Princeton, N .J.: Princeton University Press, 1953)
48
Marilyn vos Savant, 'Ask Marilyn', Parade, September 9, 1990.
49
Bruce D. Burns and Mareike Wieth, 'Causality and Reasoning: The Monty Hall Dilemma', in Proceedings of the Twenty-fifth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, ed. R. Alterman and D. Kirsh (Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2003), p. 198.
50
National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators — 2002 (Arlington, Va.: National Science Foundation, 2002); http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind02/. See vol. 2, chap. 7, table 7-10.
51
Gary P. Posner, 'Nation's Mathematicians Guilty of Innumeracy', Skeptical Inquirer 15, no. 4 (Summer 1991).
52
Bruce Schechter, My Brain Is Open: The Mathematical Journeys of Paul Erdos (New York: Touchstone, 1998), pp. 107-9.
53
Ibid., pp. 189-90, 196-97.
54
John Herney, 'Behind Monty's Doors: Puzzle, Debate and Answer?' New York Times, July 21, 1991.
55
Robert S. Gottfried, The Black Death: Natural and Human Disaster in Medieval Europe (New York: Free Press, 1985).
56
Gerolamo Cardano, quoted in Wykes, Doctor Cardano, p. 18.
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