Lionheart

1143–1162: Baldwin III (with Melisende until 1153)

1162–1174: Amalric I

1174–1185: Baldwin IV the Leprous (with Baldwin V from 1183)

1183–1186: Baldwin V (with Baldwin IV until 1185)

1186–1190: Sybilla (with Guy of Lusignan)

1190–1192: Conrad I of Montferrat (disputed)

1192–1197: Henry I (II of Champagne) (with Isabella, half-sister of Sybilla)

1197–1205: Amalric of Lusignan (fourth husband of Isabella)

THE LATE-TWELFTH-CENTURY POPES

Number of Succession | Dates | Regional Name

171 | 1 September 1181–25 November 1185 | Lucius III

172 | 25 November 1185–19 October 1187 | Urban III

173 | 21 October 1187–17 December 1187 | Gregory VIII

174 | 19 December 1187–20 March 1191 | Clement III

175 | 21 March 1191–8 January 1198 | Celestine III

176 | 8 January 1198–16 July 1216 | Innocent III

THE TWELFTH-CENTURY KINGS OF FRANCE

1108–1137: Louis VI (the Fat) (son of Philip I)

1137–1180: Louis VII (the Young) (son of Louis VI)

1180–1223: Philip II Augustus (son of Louis VII)

1223–1226: Louis VIII (the Lion) (son of Philip II Augustus)

THE TWELFTH-CENTURY HOLY ROMAN EMPERORS

Salian Dynasty

1086–1125: Henry V (elected 1099)

Supplinburger Dynasty

1075–1137: Lothair II (elected 1125)

Hohenstaufen Dynasty

1093–1152: Conrad III (elected 1138)

1122–1190: Frederick I (Barbarossa) (elected 1152)

1165–1197: Henry VI (elected 1191)

1176–1208: Philip of Swabia (elected 1198)

Welf Dynasty

1176–1218: Otto IV (elected 1198, as rival to Philip of Swabia; elected 1209 as sole Emperor)

THE TWELFTH-CENTURY KINGS OF NAVARRE

1134–1150: Garcia Ramirez (the Restorer) (son of Ramiro Sanchez of Monzon and Cristina Rodriguez Diaz de Vivar, daughter of El Cid)

1150–1194: Sancho VI (the Wise) (father of Berengere)

1194–1234: Sancho (the Strong) (brother of Berengere)

THE TWELFTH-CENTURY KINGS OF SICILY

House of Hauteville

1105–1154: Roger II (the Great)

1154–1166: William I (the Bad)

1166–1190: William II (the Good)

1190–1194: Tancred of Lecce

1192–1194: Roger III (son of Tancred, co-regent)

1194: William III (brother of Roger, deposed)

House of Hohenstaufen

1194–1197: Henry I of Sicily (Holy Roman Emperor, elected 1190; married Constance, daughter of Roger II)

1197–1250: Frederick I of Sicily (Holy Roman Emperor, elected 1212)

THE TWELFTH-CENTURY RULERS OF CYPRUS

Prior to 1184, Cyprus had been part of the Byzantine Empire since the division of the eastern and western parts of the Roman Empire, in 395. It remained Byzantine despite frequent Arab and Muslim raids and incursions, which caused great destruction and major loss of life.

In 1185, Isaac Comnenus, the great-grandson of John II Comnenus, Emperor of Byzantium from 1118 to 1143, inveigled his way into position as the island’s ruler, declaring himself Emperor in 1189.

House of Comneni

1189–1191: Isaac (Emperor)

House of Lusignan

1192–1194: Guy

1194–1205: Amalric (The Lusignans ruled Cyprus until 1489)

THE TWELFTH-CENTURY GRAND MASTERS OF THE KNIGHTS TEMPLAR

1118–1136: Hugh de Payens (Founder and First Master)

1136–1147: Robert de Craon

1147–1151: Everard des Barres

1151–1153: Bernard de Tremelay

1153–1156: Andre de Montbard

1156–1169: Bertrand de Blanchefort

1169–1171: Philip of Milly

1171–1179: Odo de St Amand

1181–1184: Arnold of Torroja