instructions that she is to preserve them carefully.”
14. Schmidt, Statist, p. 582.
15. Domarus, p. 2127 f.
16. Operation Thunderstorm was initiated abruptly on August 22, 1944, and resulted in the arrest of some 5,000 deputies and functionaries of the former political parties, including such persons as Konrad Adenauer and Kurt Schumacher. See Walter Hammer, “Die Gewitteraktion vom 22. 8. 1944,” in Freiheit und Recht, 1959:8–9, pp. 15 ff.
17. W. Scheidt, Gesprache mit Hitler, cited from Eberhard Zeller, Geist der Freiheit, p. 588; also Heiber, Lagebesprechungen, p. 588.
18. Quoted in Ehlers, p. 113; see also Zeller, p. 461.
19. The speech is printed in: VJHfZ 1953:4, pp. 357 ff.; the passage quoted is on pp. 384 f.
20. Domarus, p. 2127.
21. Sebastian Haffner in a review in the magazine Konkret, 1964:2 of Kunrat von Hammerstein’s book Spahtrupp.
22. Adolf Heusinger, Befehl im Widerstreit, p. 367.
23. Schlabrendorff, p. 154.
24. Cited in Bullock, p. 757, n. 1.
25. Speer, p. 406.
26. Heiber, Lagebesprechungen, pp. 615, 620 (August 31, 1944).
27. Radio address of January 30, cited in Domarus, p. 2083.
28. Tischgesprache, p. 468; see also p. 376.
29. General Bayerlein, cited in Cartier, Vol. II, p. 274. The description of Hitler is General von Manteuffel’s, cited from Shirer, p. 1091.
30. Heiber, Lagebesprechungen, pp. 721 ff.
31. Ibid., p. 740.
32. Domarus, p. 2198.
33. Rauschning, Gesprache, p. 115.
34. Le Testament politique de Hitler, p. 67. The preceding quotation is based on a memo to the author from Otto Remer. Remer, in conversation, had reminded Hitler that a few weeks earlier he had called the Ardennes offensive the last chance in this war, and had said that if it failed the whole war was lost.
35. “Lagebesprechung” of April 27, 1945, printed in Der Spiegel 1966:3, p. 42. On planning destruction see Speer, p. 403.
36. Cited in Trevor-Roper, The Last Days of Hitler, p. 72.
37. Cf. Speer, p. 425. On July 20, 1944, Hitler had told Mussolini that he was “determined to level London completely” by bombardment with V-2 rockets. They would “keep firing at London until the entire city is destroyed.” See Hillgruber, Staatsmanner II, pp. 470 f. The order to defend Paris or reduce it to ashes was issued on August 23, 1944, but was disobeyed by General von Choltitz; see the account by Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre, Is Paris Burning? The order itself is printed in Jacobsen, 1939–1945, pp. 587 f.
38. Goebbels, cited in Trevor-Roper, The Last Days of Hitler, p. 51.
39. Printed in KTB/OKW IV, 2, pp. 1701 ff. Cf. the description in Gerhard Boldt, Die letzten Tage, p. 15.
40. Zoller, p. 150.
41. Guderian, p. 376; also Boldt, pp. 26 f. The doctor mentioned was Dr. Giesing; cf. the account in Maser, Hitler, pp. 350 f.
42. Zoller, p. 230. “From time to time,” the report continues, “he raised his eyes to the portrait of Frederick the Great that hung above his desk and repeated his saying: ‘Ever since I have come to know men, I love dogs.’ ”
43. Ibid., pp. 204, 232.
44. Speer, p. 399.
45. Zoller, pp. 29 f. During a military conference in January Hitler wondered “whether a new shell ought not to be made now, after all” (Heiber, Lagebesprechungen, p. 867), and when General Karl Wolff visited him on April 18, Hitler elaborated on his “plans for the near future.” See Eugen Dollmann, Dolmetscher der Diktatoren, p. 235.
46. Cited in Gorlitz and Quint, p. 616; see also Domarus, pp. 2202 ff.
47. Speer, p. 426.
48. The “flag order” is printed in Jacobsen, 1939–1945, pp. 591 f. The so-called Nero Command is printed in KTB/OKW IV, 2, pp. 1580 f.
49. Trevor-Roper, ed., The Bormann Letters, p. 198.
50. Speer, p. 440.
51. Ibid., p. 453.
52. Bullock, pp. 780 f.
53. Statement by Frau Inge Haberzettel, one of the Propaganda Minister’s secretaries. Cf. the description in Trevor-Roper, Last Days, p. 100. For Ley’s death rays see Speer, p. 464.
54. Speer, p. 463. For the following description of Hitler, see p. 464.
55. Ibid., p. 474. There are many witnesses to the attitude of Goebbels; the remark quoted here is taken from the “Lagebesprechung” of April 23, 1945; see Der Spiegel, 1966:3, p. 34.
56. Speer, p. 475.
57. Ibid., p. 459.
58. Karl Koller, Der letzte Monat, pp. 19 ff.
59. The witnesses to the course of events are chiefly: Keitel, Jodi, General Christian, Colonel von Freytag- Loringhoven, Lorenz, Colonel von Below, and Fraulein Kruger, who was Bormann’s secretary. Our account largely follows that of Trevor-Roper, who checked the statements of these witnesses and extracted the points of essential agreement; see Last Days, pp. 118 f.; also the statement of Gerhard Herrgesell, one of the stenographers, in: KTB/OKW IV, 2, pp. 1696 f.
60. See the transcript of this account in Koller, p. 31.
61. Quoted by Trevor-Roper, Last Days, p. 127.
62. Speer, p. 480; but see also p. 485.
63. Quoted in Trevor-Roper, Last Days, p. 128.
64. Speer, p. 483.
65. Le Testament politique de Hitler, p. 61 (February 4, 1945).
66. Ibid., pp. 57 ff. (February 4, 1945).
67. Ibid., pp. 87 ff.; 129 if. (February 14 and 25, 1945). Hitler made very similar remarks in a military conference of March 5, 1943; see Heiber, Lagebesprechungen, p. 171; see also the comparable early comment in Rauschning, Gesprache, p. 115.
68. Ibid., pp. 101 ff. (February 17, 1945). The opening of the campaign in the East actually was postponed for a few weeks, but this decision was not due solely to Mussolini’s invasion of Greece. Questions of weather, of time for the deployment of allies, and so on, played a part. Cf. the study “Hat das britische Eingreifen in Griechenland den deutschen Angriff auf Russland verzogert oder nicht?” (on file at the Militargeschichtliche Forschungsamt Freiburg im Breisgau). See also Hillgruber, Strategie, p. 506. Hitler himself, moreover, sometimes said just the opposite, at least to Mussolini; cf. the reference in Nolte, Epoche, p. 586.
69. Le Testament politique de Hitler, p. 78.
70. Ibid., p. 108 (February 17, 1945). For Trevor-Roper’s comment see pp. 46 f. Hitler’s opinion agrees amazingly with a remark of the French writer Drieu la Rochelle, who toward the end of 1944, shortly before his suicide, explained the defeat as follows: “The reason for the collapse of German policy lies
