24. Qtd. in Wilfried Berghahn,
25. Notes of Albert Grzesinski, Prussian minister of state and prefect of the Berlin police until 1933, qtd. in Mathias and Morsey,
26. Qtd in Hans Rothfels,
27. Hans Mommsen, “Der Widerstand gegen Hitler und die deutsche Gesellschaft,” Schmadecke and Steinbach,
28. Qtd. in Michael Kruger-Charle, “Carl Goerdelers Versuche der Durchsetzung einer alternativen Politik 1933 bis 1937,” Schmadecke and Steinbach,
29. Helmut Krausnick, “Vorgeschichte und Beginn des militarischen Widerstandes gegen Hitler,”
2. The Army Succumbs
1. Christian Muller,
2. Baron Rudolph-Christoph von Gersdorff,
3. Report by Horst von Mellenthin, at the time second adjutant to Hammerstein, in
4. Notes of Major General Curt Liebmann. See Thilo Vogelsang, “Neue Dokumente zur Geschichte der Reichswehr, 1930-1933,”
5. Herman Foertsch,
6. Rudolf Diels,
7. Qtd. in Klaus-Jurgen Muller,
8. Heinz Hohne,
9. Helmut Krausnick,
10. Gerhard Rossbach,
11. Rohm’s words as reported to the commanders by Brigadier General Weichs. Reichenau, in an act of “effective direction,” may, however, have given an interpretive twist to the key sentences in Rohm’s memorandum. See Muller,
12. Muller,
13. Ludwig von Hammerstein, personal interview, December 20, 1983.
14. Exceptions were made for people who were civil servants before the First World War or who fought at the front, as well as for civil servants whose fathers or sons had fallen in the war. In the army, seventy officers and men came under this provision.
15. Helmut Krausnick, “Vorgeschichte und Beginn des militarischen Widerstandes gegen Miller,”
16. Franz von Papen,
17. For a fuller account of the events of June 30-July 1, see Muller,
18. Walter Gorlitz,
19. See Theodor Eschenburg, “Zur Ermordung des Generals Schleicher,”
20. Krausnick, “Vorgeschichte,” 234.
21. Krausnick, “Vorgeschichte,” 243, 336-37.
22. Hans Bernd Gisevius, qtd. in Muller,
23. Gersdorff,
24. Andre Francois-Poncet,
25. Friedrich Hossbach,
26. Fabian von Schlabrendorff,
27. Qtd. in Gert Buchheit,
28. Walter Gorlitz and Herbert A. Quint,
29. Qtd. in Count Romedio Galeazzo von Thun-Hohenstein,
30. Thun-Hohenstein,
31. See Muller,
32. Karl Dietrich Bracher,
33. Qtd. in Michael Kruger-Charle, “Carl Goerdelers Versuche der Durchsetzung einer alternativen Politik 1933 bis 1937,”
34. Scheurig,
35. Qtd. in Thun-Hohenstein,
3. The September Plot
1. See Klemens von Klemperer,
2. Qtd. in Count Romedio Galeazzo von Thun-Hohenstein,