The Crusader

212. Among more recently available sources, see Meroney, “Rehearsals for a Lead Role.”

40. Earl B. Dunckel oral-history testimony, April 27, 1982, RRL, OHT, Vol. 14, Box 4, 16–17.

41. Quoted in “More Jobs in Films for Negroes Urged,” New York Times, November 10, 1952, A32.

21. “Reagan Warns U.S. Is In War,” Bartlesville Examiner Enterprise, March 1, 1962. 22. Reagan, “A Foot in the Door,” address to the Illinois Manufacturers’ Costs Association, May 9, 1961. Text on file at RRL.

23. Reagan, “A Time for Choosing,” October 27, 1964.

24. He said he told “Republican leaders” (his Kitchen Cabinet presumably) that if they would let him fulfill his speaking invitations in California, “I’d come back and tell them who should be running for Gov and I’d campaign for him. After a few months I discovered the candidate.” Reagan letter to Lorraine and Elwood Wagner, March 9, 1992, Young Americans Foundation (YAF) collection.

25. The documentary was a presentation of a group called The National Education Program, the president of which was George S. Benson of the American Heritage Center in Searcy, Arkansas. I watched part two of the video at the Reagan Library. The library is not in possession of part one.

26. I’ve been told that this documentary is also about the Communist threat. While that is very likely the case, I have not been able to confirm that because I cannot locate a videotape copy.

27. Interview with Lew Uhler, July 1, 2005.

16. Ibid.

17. Reagan, “Speech to Republican State Central Committee Luncheon,” Hilton Plaza, Miami, Florida, May 21, 1968. Speech filed at Reagan Library, “RWR—Speeches and Articles (1968),” vertical files.

18. “Speech to Republican State Central Committee Finance Dinner,” SheratonCleveland Hotel, Cleveland, May 22, 1968. Speech filed at Reagan Library, “RWR—Speeches and Articles (1968),” vertical files.

19. As Clark’s biographer, I have had access to these materials.

20. Of all the work that has been done on this, the best source is a superb PBS documentary which interviewed all of the participants—Israeli, Egyptian, Soviet—at the highest levels. These individuals all spoke openly of the Soviet effort. “The 50 Years War: Israel and the Arabs,” episode II, “The Six Day War,” PBS, 1999.

21. The only transcript that I have been able to locate is held in Bill Clark’s personal files.

7. Reagan, “Remarks on Soviet–U.S. Relations at the Town Hall of California Meeting,” Los Angeles, August 26, 1987.

8. A.V. Mikhaylov, “Rejoinder: No-Good Subverters,” Pravda, February 8, 1985, 5, published as “Reagan Attempt to ‘Belittle’ Yalta Accords Hit,” in FBIS-SOV-11-FEB-85, February 11, 1985, A1.

9. Richard V. Allen, “The Man Who Changed the Game Plan,” National Interest, Summer 1996, 61.

10. Interview with Caspar Weinberger, October 10, 2002.

11. Weinberger speaking at the conference, “Reagan’s War and the War on Terrorism,” hosted by the American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, November 13, 2002. 12. Weinberger speaking at a November 12, 1999 Ethics and Public Policy Center symposium titled, “Rebuilding American Power,” held at the Ronald Reagan Building in Washington, DC. His remarks were published in the Ethics and Public Policy Center newsletter, Winter 2000, no. 69, 1.

13. Caspar W. Weinberger, “A Most Remarkable President,” published in a July 2004 Ronald Reagan commemorative issue of Libertas, a publication by the Young America’s Foundation.

14. Weinberger speaking during interview for documentary, In the Face of Evil: Reagan’s War in Word and Deed (American Vantage Films and Capital Films I, LLC, 2005).

15. Yuri Zhukov, “Resurrection of a Dinosaur,” Pravda, April 11, 1975, 4, published as “Zhukov Assails Reagan’s London Speech,” in FBIS, April 17, 1975, B7. Zhukov was quoting Reagan’s own words from a speech in London that spring of 1975, the text of which is lost, with only two handwritten pages known to exist. Reagan gave the speech on April 7, 1975 to the Pilgrim Society in London. A full text of the speech does not exist. Two handwritten pages of the speech are in the possession of Kurt Ritter of Texas A&M University, who generously shared the two pages with me. They were given to Ritter by Reagan presidential speechwriter C. Landon Parvin. Ritter knows of no complete text of the speech, and neither does the Reagan Library or Hoover Institution (which has many Reagan speech texts). On April 8, 1975, the speech was reported by the London Times (“Warning that Europe is Main Soviet Prize”) and Daily Mirror (“A Red Alert by Reagan”).

16. Thatcher in Edwin Feulner, Jr., ed., Leadership for America: The Principles of Conservatism (Dallas, TX: Spence, 2000), 11.

17. Reagan said this in a series of interviews he did in the spring and summer of 1975 with author Charles Hobbs, publishing for a campaign book released in 1976. Charles D. Hobbs, Ronald Reagan’s Call to Action (Nashville, TN and New York: Thomas Nelson, 1976), 50–51.

18. Interview with Ed Meese, December 5, 2001.

19. Of course, some would later dispute the morality of certain policies of President Reagan, which was understandable, but what they really disputed were means, not ends. Reagan thought that aiding the government of El Salvador, for example, would ultimately help much more than hurt. Domestically, he felt poverty was better addressed by the private sector than the public sector.

20. Allen in Schweizer, ed., The Fall of the Berlin Wall, 50.

21. Monica Crowley, Nixon Off the Record (New York: Random House, 1996), 26, 92–93.

22. Reagan letter to Lorraine and Elwood Wagner, August 3, 1971, YAF collection.

23. Letter quoted in Helene Von Damm, Sincerely, Ronald Reagan (Ottawa, IL: Green Hill Publishers, 1976), 75.

24. Ibid., 108. Reagan wrote to a friend saying that he supported a “bettering of relations with mainland China.” However, he felt that “the dumping of a long time friend and ally, the Republic of China on Taiwan,” was unforgivable. Reagan letter to Lorraine and Elwood Wagner, June 12, 1979, YAF collection.

During the 1980 campaign, Reagan thundered to an audience: “There will be no more Taiwans….There will be no more betrayals of friends by the United States!” Quoted in Laurence I. Barrett, Gambling with History: Ronald Reagan in the White House (New York: Doubleday, 1983), 206–7.

25. Reagan, “Address to the Roundtable National Affairs Briefing,” Dallas, Texas, August 22, 1980, located at Reagan Library, “Reagan 1980 Campaign Speeches, August 1980,” vertical files.

Soviet forces on the “NATO front” had increased by fifty-four divisions, a 40 percent increase in tanks. He said the Soviets had developed six new strategic nuclear systems. He leveled more complaints and listed evidence of Soviet aggression. Located in “Ronald Reagan: Selected Radio Broadcasts, 1975–1979,” January 1975 to March 1977, Box 1, RRL. For a full transcript, see Skinner, Anderson, and Anderson, eds., Reagan, In His Own Hand, 117–19. A year later, in a September 1978 radio broadcast, Reagan probably referenced the same meeting when he spoke of an “intelligence report” of a secret meeting between Brezhnev and Communist Party leaders in which the general secretary allegedly said that (in Reagan’s words) “detente was a stratagem to allow the Soviets time to build up their military so that by 1985 they could exert their will wherever they wished.” Ronnie Dugger, On Reagan: The Man & His Presidency (New York: McGraw Hill, 1983), 536.

30. Reagan NSC member Constantine Menges says that between 1975 and 1980, eleven new “pro-Soviet regimes” were established. Tom Henriksen of the Hoover Institution says that from 1974–79 the Soviets “incorporated 10 countries into their orbit.” Constantine C. Menges in Hofstra conference (1993) proceedings, 29– 30; and Thomas Henriksen, “The lessons of Afghanistan,” Washington Times, December 29, 1999.

31. For examples from the New York Times and the Washington Post, see New York Times, January 29, 1976, A21; February 26, 1976, A31; March 5, 1976, A1, A10; March 13, 1976, A10; March 14, 1976, A14; March 25, 1976, A1, A35; April 1, 1976, A31; April 8, 1976, A32; April 15, 1976, A1; May 14, 1976, A11; May 19, 1976, A46; May 28, 1976, A13; and June 10, 1976, A37. From Washington Post, see January 16, 1976, A12; February 11, 1976, A1; April 1, 1976, A10; and April 29, 1976, A6.

32. Reagan radio broadcast from October 31, 1975, titled “Detente.” Dugger, On Reagan: The Man & His Presidency, 514.

33. Ronald Reagan, “Tactics for Detente,” Wall Street Journal, February 13, 1976, A8.

34. Among others, see C. L. Sulzberger, “How The World Looks At Carter,” New York Times, July 24, 1976, A23; William Safire, “Life of the Party,” New York Times, March 18, 1976, A14; Cannon, Reagan, 219; and Laurence Barrett, Gambling With History, 288.

35. Anthony Lewis, “By His Own Petard,” New York Times, April 19, 1976, A27.