52:205-224.
Tyson, R. L. (1986). The roots of psychopathology and our theories of development. Amer. Acad. Child Psychot., 25:12-22.
Tyson, R. L. (1989). Psychological conflict in childhood: Adevelopmental view. Paper presented at the Seminar for Clinicians, American Psychoanalytic Association, New York.
Tyson, R. L. (in preparation). The psychoanalysts of the relatency child.
Van Leeuwen, K. (1966). Pregnancy envy in the male. Int. J. Psychoanal., 47:319-324.
Vigotsky, L. S. (1934). Thought and language. New York: MIT Press, 1962.
Waclder, R. (1930). The principle of multiple function: Observations on overdetermination. In Psychoanalysis: Observation, theory, application, ed. S. A. Guttman. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1976, pp. 68- 83.
Waelder, R. (1932). The psychoanalytic theory of play. In Psychoanalysts: Observation, theory, application, ed. S. A, Guttman. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1976, pp. 84-100.
Waelder, R. (1936). The problems of the genesis of psychic conflict in earlier infancy. In Psychoanalysis: Observation, theory, application, ed. S. A. Guttman. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1976, pp. 121-188.
Walleretein, J. S., and Kelly, J. B. (1980). Sunning the breakup. New York: Basic Books.
Wallerstein, J. S., and Blakeslee, S. (1989). Second chances. New York: Ticknor and Fields.
Wallerstein, R. S. (1981). The bipolarself: Discussion of alternate perspectives. J. Amer. Pfychoanal. Assn., 29:377-394.
Wallerstein, R. S. (1983). Defenses, defense mechanisms, and the structure of the mind. J. Amer. Psychoanal. Assn., 31:201-225.
Wallerstein, R. S. (1988). One psychoanalysis or many? Int. J. Psychoanal., 69:5-22.
Weil, A. P. (1970). The basic core. Psychoanal. Study Child, 25:442-460.
Weil, A. P. (1976). The first year: Metapsychological inferences of infant observation. In The process of child development, ed. P. Neubauer. New York: Aronson, pp. 246-265.
Weil, A. P. (1978). Maturational variations and genetic — dynamic issues. J. Amer. Psychoanal. Assn., 26:461-491.
Weinshel, E. M. (1970). Some psychoanalytic considerations on moods. Int.J. Psychoanal., 51:313- 320.
Weissman, P. (1954). Ego and superego in obsessional character and neurosis. Psychoanal. Q., 23:529- 543.
Werner, H., and Kaplan, B. (1963). Symbol formation. New York: Wiley.
Widzer, M. E. (1977). The comic — book superhero: A study of the family romance fantasy. Psychoanal. Study Child, 32:565-604.
Williams, M. (1972). Problems of technique during latency. Psychoanal. StudyChild, 27:598-617.
Winnicott, D. W. (1949). The ordinary devoted mother. In Boundary and space, ed. M. Davis and D. Wallbridge. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1981, pp. 125-130.
Winnicott, D. W. (1952). Anxiety associated with insecurity. In Collected papers. New York: Basic Books, 1958, pp. 97-100.
Winnicott, D. W. (1953). Transitional objects and transitional phenomena. In Playing and reality. New York: Basic Books, 1971, pp. 1-25.
Winnicott, D. W. (1956). Primary maternal preoccupation. In Collected papers. New York: Basic Books, 1958, pp. 300-305.
Winnicott, D. W. (1959). The fate of the transitional object. In Psychoanalytic explorations, ed, C. Winnicott, R, Shepherd, and M. Davis. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1989. pp. 53-58.
Winnicott, D. W. (1960). Ego distortion in terms of true and false self. In The maturation processes and the facilitating environment. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1965, pp. 140-152.
Winnicott, D. W. (1962a). Ego integration in child development. In Thematura — tional processes and the facilitating environment. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1965, pp. 56-63.
Winnicott, D. W. (1962b). The theory of the parent-infant relationship. In The maturattonal processes and the facilitating environment. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1965, pp. 37-55.
Winnicott, D. W. (1965). The maturattonal processes and the facilitating environment. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
Winnicott. D. W. (1967). Mirror — role of mother and family in child development. In Playing and reality. New York: Basic Books, 1971, pp. 111-118.
Winnicott, D. W. (1971). Playing and reality. New York: Basic Books.
Wolf, E. S. (1988). Case discussion and position statement. Plychoanal. Inq., 8:546-551.
Wolff, P. H. (1959). Observations on newborn infants. Psfchosom. Mcd., 21:110-118.
Wolff, P. H. (1960). The developmental psychologies of Jean Piaget and psycho-analysis Psychological Issues, Monograph 5. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
Wolff, P. H. (1966). The causes, controls, and organization of behavior in the neonate. Psychological Issues, Monograph 17. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
Wolff, P. H. (1981). Normal variation in human maturation. In Maturation and development, ed. K. J. Connolly and H. F. R. Prechtl. London: Heinemann, pp. 1-18.
Yakoviev, P. L., and Lecours, A. P. (1967). The myelogenetic cycles of regional maturation of the brain. In Regional development of the brain in early life, ed. A. Minkowski. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 3-70.
Yasmajian, R. V. (1966). The tesies and body — image formation in transvestitism. Amer. Psychoanal. Assn., 14:304-312.
Yasmajian, R. V. (1967). The influence of testicular sensory stimuli on the dream. J. Amer. Psychoanal. Assn., 15:83-98.
Yogman, M. W. (1982). Observations on the father-infant relationship. In Father and child, ed. S. H. Cath, A. Gurwitt, andJ. M. Ross. Boston: Little, Brown, pp. 101-122.
Yorke, C. (1971). Some suggestions for a critique of Kleinian psychology. Psychoanal. Study Child, 26:129- 155.
Yorke, C., and Wiseberg, S. (1976). A developmental view of anxiety. Psycho-anal. Study Child, 31:107- 135.
Zetzel, E. R. (1965). A developmental model and the theory of therapy. In The capacity for emotional growth. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1970, pp. 246-269.
1
На протяжении всей книги мы используем термины «система» и «структура» как взаимозаменяемые. Несмотря на то, что за фрейдовской окончательной моделью психики закрепилось название «структурная», ее, тем не менее, допустимо рассматривать в рамках системного подхода, описанного нами в первой части, при котором структура рассматривается как относительно стабильная и медленно эволюционирующая система.
2
Расщепление — (splitting — англ. это термин, который можно использовать в двух значениях. Он может употребляться для обозначения примитивной защиты, когда все воспринимается по отдельности и не соединяется в единое целое (например, приятные и неприятные представления о матери). А может употребляться для обозначения регрессирующей защиты, когда все разделяется после того, как было соединено вместе. Например ментальный образ матери может разделиться на тот, где мать «хорошая» во
